Indawo yokuhlala ye-photovoltaic (PV) -isistimu yokugcina ngokuyinhloko iqukethe amamojula e-PV, amabhethri okugcina amandla, ama-inverter okugcina, amadivaysi okulinganisa, nezinhlelo zokuphatha zokuqapha. Umgomo wayo uwukuzuza ukukwazi ukwanelisa amandla, ukunciphisa izindleko zamandla, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi, nokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwamandla. Ukumisa uhlelo lokuhlala lwe-PV-storage kuyinqubo ebanzi edinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuzinzile.
I. Uhlolojikelele Lwezinhlelo Zokuhlala Ze-PV-Isitoreji
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukusethwa kwesistimu, kubalulekile ukukala ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-DC phakathi kwetheminali yokufaka ye-PV array kanye nomhlabathi. Uma ukumelana kungaphansi kwe-U…/30mA (U… imele amandla kagesi aphezulu okukhiphayo we-PV yamalungu afanayo), kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokumisa phansi noma zokuhlukanisa.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokuhlala ze-PV-storage zihlanganisa:
- Ukuzidla: Ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zasendlini.
- Ukushefa okuphezulu nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi: Ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngezikhathi ezahlukene ukuze wonge ezindlekweni zamandla.
- Amandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni: Ukunikeza amandla athembekile phakathi nokucisha.
- Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuphuthumayo: Ukusekela imithwalo ebalulekile phakathi nokuhluleka kwegridi.
Inqubo yokumisa ihlanganisa ukuhlaziya izidingo zamandla omsebenzisi, ukuklama i-PV nezinhlelo zokugcina, ukukhetha izingxenye, ukulungisa izinhlelo zokufaka, kanye nokuchaza izinyathelo zokusebenza nezokugcina.
II. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezidingo Nokuhlela
Ukuhlaziywa Kwesidingo Samandla
Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo samandla okunemininingwane kubalulekile, okuhlanganisa:
- Layisha iphrofayili: Ukuhlonza izidingo zamandla ezinto ezihlukahlukene zikagesi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke: Ukunquma isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kukagesi emini nasebusuku.
- Amanani kagesi: Ukuqonda izinhlaka zentela ukuze kuthuthukiswe isistimu yokonga izindleko.
Ucwaningo lwesigameko
| Ithebula 1 Isamba sezibalo zokulayisha | |||
| imishini | Amandla | Ubuningi | Amandla aphelele (kW) |
| I-inverter air conditioner | 1.3 | 3 | 3.9kw |
| umshini wokuwasha | 1.1 | 1 | 1.1kW |
| Isiqandisi | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6kW |
| TV | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Isifudumezi samanzi | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0kW |
| I-hood engahleliwe | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Omunye ugesi | 1.2 | 1 | 1.2kW |
| Ingqikithi | 8.2kW | ||
| Ithebula 2 Izibalo zemithwalo ebalulekile (ugesi ongekho kugridi) | |||
| imishini | Amandla | Ubuningi | Amandla aphelele (kW) |
| I-inverter air conditioner | 1.3 | 1 | 1.3kW |
| Isiqandisi | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6kW |
| Isifudumezi samanzi | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0kW |
| I-hood engahleliwe | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Ukukhanyisa ugesi, njll. | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5kW |
| Ingqikithi | 3.6kW | ||
- Iphrofayela yomsebenzisi:
- Isamba somthwalo oxhunyiwe: 8.2 kW
- Umthwalo obalulekile: 3.6 kW
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emini: 10 kWh
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ebusuku: 20 kWh
- Uhlelo lwesistimu:
- Faka isistimu ehlanganisiwe ye-PV-storage enezidingo zomthwalo we-PV yesizukulwane sasemini kanye nokugcina amandla engeziwe kumabhethri ukuze asetshenziswe ebusuku. Igridi isebenza njengomthombo wamandla owengeziwe lapho i-PV nesitoreji kunganele.
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III. Ukucushwa Kwesistimu kanye Nokukhethwa Kwengxenye
1. I-PV System Design
- Usayizi Wesistimu: Ngokusekelwe kumthwalo womsebenzisi ongu-8.2 kW kanye nokusebenzisa kwansuku zonke okungu-30 kWh, kunconyiwe uhlelo lwe-PV engu-12 kW. Lawa malungu afanayo angakhiqiza cishe u-36 kWh ngosuku ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo.
- Amamojula we-PV: Sebenzisa amamojula angu-21 e-single-crystal 580Wp, ukuzuza amandla afakiwe angu-12.18 kWp. Qinisekisa ukuhlelwa okuphelele kokuchayeka elangeni okuphezulu.
Amandla aphezulu Pmax [W] 575 580 585 590 595 600 I-Optimum operating voltage Vmp [V] 43.73 43.88 44.02 44.17 44.31 44.45 I-Imp yamanje yokusebenza ephezulu [A] 13.15 13.22 13.29 13.36 13.43 13.50 Vula i-voltage yesekethe i-Voc [V] 52.30 52.50 52.70 52.90 53.10 53.30 Isifunda esifushane i-Isc yamanje [A] 13.89 13.95 14.01 14.07 14.13 14.19 Ukusebenza kahle kwemojuli [%] 22.3 22.5 22.7 22.8 23.0 23.2 Ukubekezelela amandla okukhiphayo 0~+3% I-coefficient yezinga lokushisa lamandla amakhulu[Pmax] -0.29%/℃ I-coefficient yezinga lokushisa le-voltage yesekethe evulekile [Voc] -0.25%/℃ I-coefficient yezinga lokushisa le-short circuit current [Isc] 0.045%/℃ Izimo Zokuhlola Ezijwayelekile (STC): Amandla okukhanya 1000W/m², izinga lokushisa lebhethri ngu-25℃, ikhwalithi yomoya 1.5 2. Uhlelo Lokugcina Amandla
- Amandla ebhethri: Lungiselela isistimu yebhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) engu-25.6 kWh. Lo mthamo uqinisekisa isipele esanele semithwalo ebucayi (3.6 kW) cishe amahora angu-7 phakathi nokuhamba.
- Amamojula Ebhethri: Sebenzisa amadizayini amamojula, abekekayo anezindawo ezivalekile ezinesilinganiso se-IP65 zokufakwa kwangaphakathi/ngaphandle. Imojula ngayinye inamandla angu-2.56 kWh, namamojula angu-10 akha uhlelo oluphelele.
3. Ukukhetha Inverter
- I-Hybrid Inverter: Sebenzisa i-inverter eyi-hybrid engu-10 kW enamandla ahlanganisiwe e-PV namandla okuphatha isitoreji. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Okokufaka okuphezulu kwe-PV: 15 kW
- Okukhiphayo: 10 kW kukho kokubili ukusebenza kwegridi ne-off-grid
- Ukuvikelwa: Isilinganiso se-IP65 nge-grid-off-grid switching time <10 ms
4. Ukukhetha Ikhebula le-PV
Izintambo ze-PV zixhuma amamojula elanga ku-inverter noma ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa. Kufanele babekezelele amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukuchayeka kwe-UV, nezimo zangaphandle.
- I-EN 50618 H1Z2Z2-K:
- I-Single-core, ilinganiselwe ku-1.5 kV DC, ene-UV enhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
- I-TÜV PV1-F:
- Iyavumelana nezimo, i-flame-retardant, enebanga lokushisa elibanzi (-40°C kuya ku-+90°C).
- Intambo ye-UL 4703 PV:
- Ifakwe kabili, ilungele amasistimu ophahleni naphansi.
- Ikhebula leSolar elintantayo le-AD8:
- Ingaphansi kwamanzi futhi ingangeni manzi, ilungele izindawo ezinomswakama noma zasemanzini.
- Ikhebula le-Aluminium Core Solar:
- Ilula futhi ingabizi, isetshenziswa ekufakweni kwenani elikhulu.
5. Ukukhethwa Kwekhebula Lokugcina Amandla
Izintambo zokugcina zixhuma amabhethri kuma-inverter. Kumelwe baphathe imisinga ephezulu, banikeze ukuzinza kwe-thermal, futhi bagcine ubuqotho bukagesi.
- UL10269 kanye UL11627 Amakhebula:
- I-Thin-wall insulated, i-flame-retardant, futhi ihlangene.
- Amakhebuli Angagqunywanga we-XLPE:
- I-voltage ephezulu (kufika ku-1500V DC) nokumelana nokushisa.
- Amakhebula e-DC Anamandla Aphezulu:
- Idizayinelwe ukuxhuma amamojula ebhethri namabhasi ane-voltage ephezulu.
Izicaciso zekhebula ezinconyiwe
Uhlobo Lwekhebula Imodeli Enconyiwe Isicelo Ikhebula le-PV I-EN 50618 H1Z2Z2-K Ixhuma amamojula e-PV ku-inverter. Ikhebula le-PV Intambo ye-UL 4703 PV Ukufakwa ophahleni kudinga ukufakwa okuphezulu. Ikhebula Lokugcina Amandla UL 10269, UL 11627 Ukuxhumana kwebhethri okuqinile. Ikhebula Lesitoreji Elivikelekile Ikhebula Lebhethri Elivikelekile le-EMI Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ezinhlelweni ezibucayi. Ikhebula Elinamandla Kagesi Ikhebula le-XLPE-Insulated Uxhumo lwamanje olusezingeni eliphezulu kumasistimu ebhethri. Ikhebula le-PV elintantayo Ikhebula leSolar elintantayo le-AD8 Izindawo ezivame ukungena emanzini noma ezinomswakama.
IV. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu
Hlanganisa amamojula e-PV, ukugcinwa kwamandla, nama-inverters ohlelweni oluphelele:
- Uhlelo lwe-PV: Dizayina ukwakheka kwemojuli futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha kwesakhiwo ngamasistimu okukhweza afanelekile.
- Isitoreji Amandla: Faka amabhethri emojula anokuhlanganiswa okufanele kwe-BMS (Isistimu Yokulawula Ibhethri) ukuze kuqashelwe isikhathi sangempela.
- I-Hybrid Inverter: Xhuma i-PV array namabhethri kusiguquli sokulawula amandla angenamthungo.
V. Ukufakwa Nokugcinwa
Ukufakwa:
- Ukuhlolwa Kwesayithi: Hlola uphahla noma izindawo eziphansi ukuze uthole ukuhambisana kwesakhiwo kanye nokuchayeka elangeni.
- Ukufakwa Kwezisetshenziswa: Faka ngokuvikelekile amamojula we-PV, amabhethri, nama-inverters.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwesistimu: Qinisekisa ukuxhunywa kukagesi futhi wenze izivivinyo zokusebenza.
Isondlo:
- Ukuhlola Okujwayelekile: Hlola amakhebuli, amamojula, kanye neziguquli ukuze ziguge noma zilimale.
- Ukuhlanza: Hlanza njalo amamojula we-PV ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kahle.
- Ukuqapha Okukude: Sebenzisa amathuluzi esofthiwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwesistimu nokuthuthukisa izilungiselelo.
VI. Isiphetho
Uhlelo lokuhlala oluklanywe kahle lwe-PV-storage luletha ukonga amandla, izinzuzo zemvelo, nokuthembeka kwamandla. Ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwezingxenye ezifana namamojula e-PV, amabhethri okugcina amandla, ama-inverter, namakhebuli kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngokulandela ukuhlela okufanele,
ukufakwa, kanye nezinqubo zokunakekela, abanikazi bezindlu bangakwazi ukukhulisa izinzuzo zokutshala kwabo imali.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-24-2024