Amathiphu Abalulekile Wokukhetha Izinhlobo Zekhebula Kagesi Elungile, Osayizi, kanye Nokufakwa

Ezintamboni, i-voltage ngokuvamile ikalwa ngama-volts (V), futhi amakhebuli ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sawo samandla kagesi. Isilinganiso se-voltage sibonisa ubukhulu be-voltage yokusebenza ikhebula engakwazi ukuyiphatha ngokuphephile. Nazi izigaba zamandla kagesi eziyinhloko zezintambo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo, namazinga:

1. Amakhebuli Anamandla Aphansi (LV).

• I-Voltage RangeKufika ku-1 kV (1000V)
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziswa ezakhiweni zokuhlala, ezentengiselwano, nezimboni ekusabalaliseni amandla, ukukhanyisa, nezinhlelo zamandla aphansi.
• Amazinga Ajwayelekile:
  • I-IEC 60227: Okwezintambo ezivalekile ze-PVC (ezisetshenziswa ekusabalaliseni amandla).
  • I-IEC 60502: Okwezintambo ezine-voltage ephansi.
  • BS 6004: Okwezintambo ezifakwe i-PVC.
  • I-UL62: Ngezintambo eziguqukayo e-US

2. Amakhebuli Anamandla Kagesi Amaphakathi (MV).

• I-Voltage Range: 1 kV kuya ku-36 kV
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi okudlulisa amandla kanye nokusabalalisa, ngokuvamile ezimbonini noma ezisetshenziswayo.
• Amazinga Ajwayelekile:
  • I-IEC 60502-2: Okwezintambo zamandla kagesi aphakathi.
  • I-IEC 60840: Okwezintambo ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi anamandla kagesi aphezulu.
  • IBE 383: Okwezintambo ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu ezisetshenziswa ezitshalweni zikagesi.

3. Amakhebuli Anamandla Kagesi Aphezulu (HV).

• I-Voltage Range: 36 kV kuya ku-245 kV
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziswa ekudluliselweni kukagesi okude, iziteshi ezinamandla kagesi, nasezindaweni zokuphehla ugesi.
• Amazinga Ajwayelekile:
  • I-IEC 60840: Okwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi.
  • I-IEC 62067: Okwezintambo ezisetshenziswa ku-high-voltage AC kanye ne-DC transmission.
  • IBE 48: Okokuhlola izintambo ezinamandla kagesi.

4. Amakhebuli Anamandla Kagesi Engeziwe (EHV).

• I-Voltage Range: Ngaphezu kuka-245 kV
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Okwamasistimu okudlulisa ama-ultra-high-voltage (asetshenziswa ekudluliseni amanani amakhulu kagesi ebangeni elide).
• Amazinga Ajwayelekile:
  • I-IEC 60840: Okwezintambo ezengeziwe zamandla kagesi aphezulu.
  • I-IEC 62067: Isebenza ezintamboni zokudlulisa amandla kagesi aphezulu e-DC.
  • IEE 400: Ukuhlola kanye namazinga wezinhlelo zekhebula le-EHV.

5. Amakhebuli Akhethekile Amandla Kagesi (isb., I-Low-Voltge DC, Izintambo Zelanga)

• I-Voltage Range: Iyahlukahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwe-1 kV
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezifana namasistimu ephaneli yelanga, izimoto zikagesi, noma ezokuxhumana.
• Amazinga Ajwayelekile:
  • I-IEC 60287: Ukuze kubalwe umthamo wamanje wokuthwala izintambo.
  • I-UL4703: Okwezintambo zelanga.
  • TÜV: Ukuze uthole izitifiketi zekhebula lelanga (isb, TÜV 2PfG 1169/08.2007).

Amakhebula Amandla Kagesi Aphansi (LV) kanye Nezintambo Zamandla Kagesi Omkhulu (HV) zingaphinde zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezithile, ngayinye yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile ngokusekelwe ezintweni zayo, ukwakhiwa, nendawo. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

Izinhlobo ezingaphansi zamakhebuli e-Low Voltage (LV):

1. Amakhebuli Okusabalalisa Amandla

   • Incazelo: Lawa amakhebuli kagesi aphansi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuze kusatshalaliswe amandla ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezohwebo, nezimboni.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Ukunikezwa kukagesi ezakhiweni nasemishinini.
     • Amaphaneli okusabalalisa, ama-switchboards, namasekhethi wamandla ajwayelekile.
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: I-IEC 60227 (i-PVC-insulated), i-IEC 60502-1 (ngokwenjongo evamile).

2. Izintambo Zezikhali (Izintambo Zensimbi Zezikhali - i-SWA, I-Aluminium Wire Armored - AWA)

   • Incazelo: Lawa makhebuli anesendlalelo sezikhali zensimbi noma ze-aluminium ukuze avikeleke ngokwemishini okwengeziwe, okuwenza afanelekele izindawo zangaphandle nezimboni lapho ukulimala ngokomzimba kukhathaza khona.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba.
     • Imishini yezimboni kanye nemishini.
     • Ukufakwa kwangaphandle ezindaweni ezinzima.
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: IEC 60502-1, BS 5467, kanye ne-BS 6346.

3. Amakhebula Erabha (Amakhebula Erabha Aguquguqukayo)

   • Incazelo: Lezi zintambo zenziwe nge-rubber insulation kanye ne-sheathing, enikeza ukuguquguquka nokuqina. Zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni kwesikhashana noma okuguquguqukayo.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Imishini ephathwayo (isb., okhrayini, ama-forklift).
     • Ukusetha amandla esikhashana.
     • Izimoto zikagesi, izindawo zokwakha, nezicelo zangaphandle.
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: I-IEC 60245 (H05RR-F, H07RN-F), UL 62 (yezintambo eziguquguqukayo).

4. Amakhebula Angenayo I-Halogen (Intuthu Ephansi).

   • Incazelo: Lezi zintambo zisebenzisa izinto ezingenayo i-halogen, okuzenza zifaneleke endaweni lapho ukuphepha emlilweni kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kunomlilo, zikhipha intuthu encane futhi azikhiqizi amagesi ayingozi.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Izikhumulo zezindiza, izibhedlela, nezikole (izakhiwo zomphakathi).
     • Izindawo zezimboni lapho ukuphepha komlilo kubaluleke kakhulu.
     • Imigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, imigudu, nezindawo ezivalekile.
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: I-IEC 60332-1 (ukuziphatha komlilo), EN 50267 (yentuthu ephansi).

5. Control Cables

   • Incazelo: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali okulawula noma idatha kumasistimu lapho kungadingeki ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla. Anama-conductor amaningi afakwe i-insulated, ngokuvamile abe ifomu elihlangene.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Amasistimu e-automation (isb, ukukhiqiza, ama-PLC).
     • Amaphaneli okulawula, amasistimu okukhanyisa, nezilawuli zezimoto.
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: I-IEC 60227, IEC 60502-1.

6. Amakhebula eSolar (Photovoltaic Cables)

   • Incazelo: Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga. Ziyakwazi ukumelana ne-UV, zikwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu, futhi ziyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Ukufakwa kwamandla elanga (photovoltaic systems).
     • Ukuxhuma amaphaneli elanga kuma-inverters.
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: TÜV 2PfG 1169/08.2007, UL 4703.

7. Amakhebula Ayisicaba

   • Incazelo: Lawa makhebuli anephrofayili eyisicaba, okuwenza alungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqinile kanye nezindawo lapho amakhebuli ayindilinga angaba mkhulu kakhulu.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuhlala ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe.
     • Impahla yasehhovisi noma izinto zikagesi.
   • Isibonelo SamazingaI-IEC 60227, UL 62.

8. Izintambo Ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo

   • Amakhebuli Wezinhlelo Eziphuthumayo:
     Lezi zintambo zenzelwe ukugcina ukuguquguquka kukagesi phakathi nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zomlilo. Baqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo eziphuthumayo njengama-alamu, izinto ezikhipha intuthu, namaphampu omlilo.
     Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Amasekhethi ezimo eziphuthumayo ezindaweni zomphakathi, amasistimu okuphepha emlilweni, namabhilidi ahlala abantu abaningi.

9. Izintambo Zomculo

   • Amakhebuli Avikelekile Okudluliselwa Kwesiginali:
     Lawa makhebuli aklanyelwe ukudlulisa amasignali edatha ezindaweni ezinokuphazanyiswa okuphezulu kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Zivikelwe ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwesignali kanye nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphelele.
     Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukufakwa kwezimboni, ukudluliswa kwedatha, nezindawo ezine-EMI ephezulu.

10. Amakhebuli Akhethekile

    • Amakhebuli ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile:
      Izintambo ezikhethekile zidizayinelwe ukufakwa kwe-niche, njengokukhanyisa kwesikhashana emibukisweni yezohwebo, ukuxhunywa kwama-cranes angaphezulu, amaphampu angaphansi kwamanzi, nezinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi. Lawa makhebuli akhelwe izindawo ezithile ezifana nama-aquariums, amachibi okubhukuda, noma okunye ukufakwa okuhlukile.
      Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukufakwa kwesikhashana, amasistimu angaphansi kwamanzi, izindawo ezihlala emanzini, amachibi okubhukuda, nemishini yezimboni.

11. Izintambo ze-Aluminium

    • Amakhebuli Okudlulisa Amandla e-Aluminium:
      Izintambo ze-aluminium zisetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwamandla nokusabalalisa kokubili kokufaka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Alula futhi angabizi, afanele amanethiwekhi amakhulu okusabalalisa amandla.
      Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukudluliswa kwamandla, ukufakwa ngaphandle nangaphansi komhlaba, nokusabalalisa okukhulu.

Amakhebuli Anamandla Kagesi Amaphakathi (MV).

1. Amakhebuli e-RHZ1

• I-XLPE Insulated Cables:
  Lezi zintambo zenzelwe amanethiwekhi kagesi aphakathi nendawo ane-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation. Azinayo i-halogen futhi azinawo amalangabi, okuzenza zilungele ukuthuthwa kwamandla nokusabalalisa kumanethiwekhi kagesi aphakathi.
  Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukusabalalisa amandla kagesi amaphakathi, ukuthuthwa kwamandla.

2. Izintambo ze-HEPRZ1

• I-HEPR Insulated Cables:
  Lawa makhebuli afaka i-polyethylene (HEPR) engangenwa amandla aphezulu futhi ayinayo i-halogen. Alungele ukudluliselwa kwamandla kagesi aphakathi nendawo ezindaweni lapho ukuphepha komlilo kukhathaza khona.
  Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Amanethiwekhi kagesi amaphakathi, izindawo ezingezwani nomlilo.

3. Amakhebuli e-MV-90

• Amakhebula Angafakiwe E-XLPE Ngamazinga AseMelika:
  Idizayinelwe amanethiwekhi kagesi aphakathi nendawo, lawa makhebuli ahlangabezana namazinga aseMelika okufakwa kwe-XLPE. Asetshenziselwa ukuthutha kanye nokusabalalisa amandla ngokuphepha ngaphakathi kwamasistimu kagesi kagesi aphakathi nendawo.
  Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukudluliswa kwamandla kumanethiwekhi kagesi aphakathi nendawo.

4. Amakhebula e-RHVhMVh

• Amakhebuli ezicelo ezikhethekile:
  Lezi zintambo zethusi ne-aluminium zenzelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo ezinengcuphe yokuchayeka kumafutha, amakhemikhali, nama-hydrocarbon. Zilungele ukufakwa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, njengezitshalo zamakhemikhali.
  Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izicelo zezimboni ezikhethekile, izindawo ezichayeka kumakhemikhali noma kawoyela.

Izinhlobo ezingaphansi zamakhebuli e-High Voltage (HV):

1. Amakhebula Amandla Anamandla Aphezulu

   • Incazelo: Lezi zintambo zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla kagesi ebangeni elide ku-voltage ephezulu (imvamisa engu-36 kV kuya ku-245 kV). Zivalwe ngezandlalelo zezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nama-voltage aphezulu.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Amagridi okudluliswa kwamandla kagesi (olayini bokuhambisa ugesi).
     • Iziteshi ezingaphansi kanye nezitshalo zikagesi.
   • Isibonelo SamazingaI-IEC 60840, IEC 62067.

2. Amakhebula e-XLPE (Amakhebula Ahlanganisiwe E-polyethylene Angagxiliwe)

   • Incazelo: Lawa makhebuli ane-cross-linked polyethylene insulation enikeza izici zikagesi eziphakeme, ukumelana nokushisa, nokuqina. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zikagesi ezimaphakathi kuya phezulu.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Ukusabalalisa amandla kuzilungiselelo zezimboni.
     • Izintambo zikagesi zesiteshi esingaphansi.
     • Ukudluliswa kwebanga elide.
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: IEC 60502, IEC 60840, UL 1072.

3. Amakhebula Agcwele Amafutha

   • Incazelo: Amakhebula agcwaliswa uwoyela phakathi kwamakhondakta kanye nezendlalelo zokufakwa kwezakhi ze-dielectric ezithuthukisiwe nokupholisa. Lezi zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezidingo ze-voltage ngokweqile.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Izinsimbi zamafutha zasogwini.
     • Ukudluliselwa kolwandle olujulile nangaphansi kwamanzi.
     • Ukusethwa kwezimboni okudinga kakhulu.
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: IEC 60502-1, IEC 60840.

4. Amakhebuli Angagqunywe Ngegesi (GIL)

   • Incazelo: Lezi zintambo zisebenzisa igesi (imvamisa i-sulphur hexafluoride) njengendawo evikelayo esikhundleni sezinto eziqinile. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho isikhala silinganiselwe.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Izindawo zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu (iziteshi).
     • Izimo ezidinga ukwethembeka okuphezulu ekudlulisweni kwamandla (isb., amagridi asemadolobheni).
   • Isibonelo Samazinga: IEC 62271-204, IEC 60840.

5. Izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi

   • Incazelo: Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile ukudluliswa kwamandla angaphansi kwamanzi, lezi zintambo zakhelwe ukumelana nokungena kwamanzi nokucindezela. Asetshenziswa kaningi ezinhlelweni zamandla avuselelekayo ahlangana namanye amazwekazi noma ogwini.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Ukudluliselwa kwamandla ngaphansi kolwandle phakathi kwamazwe noma iziqhingi.
     • Amapulazi omoya angasogwini, izinhlelo zamandla angaphansi kwamanzi.
   • Isibonelo SamazingaI-IEC 60287, IEC 60840.

6. Amakhebuli e-HVDC (Amanje Amandla Amandla Aphezulu Aqondile)

   • Incazelo: Lezi zintambo zenzelwe ukudlulisa amandla wamanje (DC) amabanga amade ku-voltage ephezulu. Asetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwamandla asebenza kahle kakhulu emabangeni amade kakhulu.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
     • Ukudluliswa kwamandla amabanga amade.
     • Ukuxhuma amagridi kagesi avela ezifundeni noma emazweni ahlukene.
   • Isibonelo SamazingaI-IEC 60287, IEC 62067.

Izingxenye Zezintambo zikagesi

Ikhebula likagesi liqukethe izingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa, ngayinye esebenza umsebenzi othile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhebula lenza injongo yalo ehlosiwe ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zekhebula likagesi zihlanganisa:

1. Umqhubi

Iumqhubiingxenye emaphakathi yekhebula okugeleza kuyo amandla kagesi. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngezinto ezisebenza kahle zikagesi, njengethusi noma i-aluminium. Umqhubi unesibopho sokuthwala amandla kagesi ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu ukuya kwelinye.

Izinhlobo zama-Conductor:

• I-Bare Conductor:

  • Incazelo: I-Copper ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zomqhubi ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo kagesi enhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ama-conductor ethusi angenalutho avame ukusetshenziswa ekusabalaliseni amandla kanye nezintambo zama-voltage aphansi.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zikagesi, izintambo zokulawula, nezintambo ezindaweni zokuhlala nezimboni.

• I-Tinned Conductor yethusi:

  • Incazelo: Ithusi elithayiwe liyithusi elimbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwethini ukuze lithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-oxidation. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasolwandle noma lapho izintambo zichayeka khona esimweni sezulu esibi.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Amakhebuli asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingaphandle noma ezinomswakama ophezulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle.

• I-Aluminium Conductor:

  • Incazelo: I-Aluminium iyindlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu kunethusi. Nakuba i-aluminium ine-conductivity kagesi ephansi kunethusi, ivame ukusetshenziswa ekudluliseni kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nezintambo ezikude ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezingasindi.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zokusabalalisa amandla, izintambo zamandla aphakathi nendawo naphezulu, izintambo zasemoyeni.

• I-Aluminium Alloy Conductor:

  • Incazelo: Abaqhubi be-aluminium alloy bahlanganisa i-aluminium nenani elincane lezinye izinsimbi, njenge-magnesium noma i-silicon, ukuze bathuthukise amandla abo kanye nokusebenza. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa imigqa yokudlulisela phezulu.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zamandla aphezulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-medium-voltage.

2. I-insulation

Iukwahlukanisaokuzungezile umqhubi kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukushaqeka kukagesi namasekhethi amafushane. Izinto zokufakwa kwe-insulation zikhethwa ngokusekelwe emandleni azo okumelana nokucindezeleka kukagesi, okushisayo, kanye nemvelo.

Izinhlobo ze-Insulation:

• I-PVC (i-Polyvinyl Chloride) Insulation:

  • Incazelo: I-PVC iyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi yokufaka amakhebula kagesi aphansi naphakathi. Iyavumelana nezimo, ihlala isikhathi eside, futhi inikeza ukumelana okuhle nemihuzuko kanye nomswakama.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zikagesi, izintambo zasendlini, nezintambo zokulawula.

• I-XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) Insulation:

  • Incazelo: I-XLPE iyinto esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuvikela ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ingcindezi kagesi, nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izintambo zamandla kagesi aphakathi nendawo naphezulu.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zikagesi ezimaphakathi neziphezulu, izintambo zikagesi ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini nangaphandle.

• I-EPR (Ethylene Propylene Rubber) Ukufakwa kwe-Insulation:

  • Incazelo: Ukufakwa kwe-EPR kunikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi, ukuzinza okushisayo, nokumelana nomswakama kanye namakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukwahlukanisa okuguquguqukayo nokuqina.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zamandla, izintambo zezimboni eziguquguqukayo, izindawo ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

• I-Rubber Insulation:

  • Incazelo: Ukufakwa kwerabha kusetshenziselwa izintambo ezidinga ukuguquguquka nokuqina. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho izintambo zidinga ukumelana nokucindezeleka komshini noma ukunyakaza.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Imishini ephathwayo, izintambo zokushisela, imishini yezimboni.

• I-Halogen-Free Insulation (LSZH – Intuthu Ephansi Zero Halogen):

  • Incazelo: Izinto zokufaka ze-LSZH zenzelwe ukukhipa intuthu encane noma engapheli futhi kungabikho amagesi e-halogen lapho zivezwe emlilweni, okuzenza zilungele izindawo ezidinga amazinga aphezulu okuphepha emlilweni.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izakhiwo zomphakathi, imihubhe, izikhumulo zezindiza, izintambo zokulawula ezindaweni ezingezwani nomlilo.

3. Ukuvikela

Ukuvikelaivamise ukungezwa ezintanjeni ukuze kuvikelwe ikhondakta kanye nokufakwa ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) noma ukuphazamiseka kwerediyo-frequency (RFI). Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela ikhebula ekukhipheni imisebe ye-electromagnetic.

Izinhlobo Zokuvikela:

• I-Copper Braid Shielding:

  • Incazelo: Amagoda e-Copper ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhle kakhulu ku-EMI ne-RFI. Avame ukusetshenziswa kumakhebuli wezinsimbi kanye nezintambo lapho amasignali amafrikhwensi aphezulu adinga ukudluliselwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zedatha, izintambo zesignali, nezinto zikagesi ezibucayi.

• I-Aluminium Foil Shielding:

  • Incazelo: Izihlangu ze-aluminium foil zisetshenziselwa ukunikeza isivikelo esingasindi nesiguquguqukayo ngokumelene ne-EMI. Ngokuvamile zitholakala kumakhebuli adinga ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kokuvikela.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zesignali eziguquguqukayo, izintambo zamandla aphansi-voltage.

• I-Foil ne-Braid Combination Shielding:

  • Incazelo: Lolu hlobo lokuvikela luhlanganisa kokubili i-foil nama-braids ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okukabili ekuphazamisekeni ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuguquguquka.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zesignali yezimboni, izinhlelo zokulawula ezibucayi, izintambo zezinsimbi.

4. Ijakhethi (Outer Sheath)

Iibhantshiungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwekhebula, olunikeza ukuvikeleka komshini kanye nokuvikela ezicini zemvelo ezinjengomswakama, amakhemikhali, imisebe ye-UV, nokuguga komzimba.

Izinhlobo zamabhantshi:

• PVC Jacket:

  • Incazelo: Amajakhethi e-PVC anikeza isivikelo esiyisisekelo ngokumelene nokuhuzuka, amanzi, namakhemikhali athile. Asetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhebuli wamandla kanye nenhloso ejwayelekile.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zokuhlala, izintambo zezimboni ezisebenza kalula, izintambo ezihloselwe ukujwayelekile.

• Ijakhethi Lerabha:

  • Incazelo: Amabhantshi enjoloba asetshenziselwa izintambo ezidinga ukuguquguquka nokumelana okuphezulu nokucindezeleka kwemishini kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zezimboni eziguquguqukayo, izintambo zokushisela, izintambo zamandla zangaphandle.

• Polyethylene (PE) Jacket:

  • Incazelo: Amabhantshi e-PE asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho ikhebula lichayeka khona ezimeni zangaphandle futhi idinga ukumelana nemisebe ye-UV, umswakama, namakhemikhali.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izintambo zikagesi zangaphandle, izintambo zokuxhumana ngocingo, ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba.

• Ijakhethi Lamahhala Le-Halogen (LSZH).:

  • Incazelo: Amajakhethi e-LSZH asetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho ukuphepha komlilo kubalulekile. Lezi zinto aziwukhiphi umusi onobuthi noma amagesi abolayo uma kuba nomlilo.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izakhiwo zomphakathi, imigudu, ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha.

5. Izikhali (Ngokuzithandela)

Ngezinhlobo ezithile zamakhebula,impahla yezikhaliisetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukuvikeleka kwemishini ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, okubaluleke kakhulu ekufakweni okungaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphandle.

• Steel Wire Armored (SWA) Cables:

  • Incazelo: Izikhali zezintambo zensimbi zengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ekulimaleni komshini, ingcindezi, nomthelela.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukufakwa ngaphandle noma ngaphansi komhlaba, izindawo ezinengcuphe enkulu yokulimala ngokomzimba.

• Amakhebula e-Aluminium Wire Armored (AWA).:

  • Incazelo: Izikhali ze-Aluminium zisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezifanayo njengezokuvikela insimbi kodwa kunikeza enye indlela elula.
  • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukufakwa kwangaphandle, imishini yezimboni, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla.

Kwezinye izimo, izintambo zikagesi zifakwe aisihlangu sensimbi or ukuvikela metallicungqimba ukuze unikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Iisihlangu sensimbiIsebenza ngezinhloso eziningi, njengokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI), ukuvikela umqhubi, nokuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokuphepha. Nazi eziyinhlokoizinhlobo zensimbi zokuzivikelakanye laboimisebenzi ethize:

Izinhlobo Zokuvikela Ngensimbi Kumakhebula

1. I-Copper Braid Shielding

• Incazelo: Isivikelo se-copper braid siqukethe izintambo ezilukiweyo zocingo lwethusi olusongwe lapho kuxhunywa ikhebula. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuvikela insimbi ezisetshenziswa kumakhebula.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukuvikelwa kwe-Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Umluko wethusi unikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-EMI kanye nokuphazamiseka kwefrikhwensi yomsakazo (RFI). Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lomsindo kagesi.
  • Ukugawula: Isendlalelo sethusi esilukiwe futhi sisebenza njengendlela eya emhlabathini, iqinisekisa ukuphepha ngokuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamashaji ayingozi kagesi.
  • Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini: Yengeza ungqimba lwamandla emishini kukhebuli, iyenze imelane kakhulu nokuhuzuka kanye nokulimala okuvela kumandla angaphandle.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziswa kumakhebuli edatha, izintambo zezinsimbi, amakhebuli esignali, namakhebuli kagesi obucayi.

2. I-Aluminium Foil Shielding

• Incazelo: Isivikelo se-aluminium foil siqukethe ungqimba oluncane lwe-aluminium olusongwe ekhebulani, ngokuvamile oluhlanganiswe ne-polyester noma ifilimu yepulasitiki. Lesi sivikelo asisindi futhi sinikeza ukuvikeleka okuqhubekayo eduze kwekhondatha.
• Imisebenzi:
  • I-Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding: I-aluminium foil inikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-EMI ne-RFI ye-low-frequency, isiza ukugcina ubuqotho bezimpawu ngaphakathi kwekhebula.
  • Isithiyo Somswakama: Ngaphezu kokuvikelwa kwe-EMI, i-aluminium foil isebenza njengesithiyo somswakama, ivimbela amanzi nokunye ukungcola ekungeneni kwekhebula.
  • Ilula futhi Ingabizi: I-Aluminium ilula futhi iyathengeka kunethusi, iyenza ibe yisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu sokuvikela.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumakhebuli ezokuxhumana, amakhebuli angama-coaxial, namakhebuli kagesi ane-voltage ephansi.

3. I-Combined Braid kanye ne-Foil Shielding

• Incazelo: Lolu hlobo lokuvikela luhlanganisa kokubili i-copper braid ne-aluminium foil ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okukabili. Umluko wethusi unikeza amandla nokuvikela ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, kuyilapho ucwecwe lwe-aluminium luhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuqhubekayo kwe-EMI.
• Imisebenzi:
  • I-EMI ethuthukisiwe kanye ne-RFI Shielding: Inhlanganisela yezihlangu ze-braid ne-foil inikeza ukuvikeleka okuphezulu ngokumelene nohlu olubanzi lokuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic, okuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali okuthembeke kakhulu.
  • Ukuvumelana nezimo kanye Nokuqina: Lesi sivikelo esikabili sinikeza kokubili ukuvikeleka komshini (umluko) kanye nokuvikelwa kokuphazamiseka kwefrikhwensi ephezulu (icwecwe), okuyenza ilungele izintambo eziguquguqukayo.
  • Ukubeka phansi kanye Nokuphepha: I-copper braid nayo isebenza njengendlela yokumisa phansi, ithuthukisa ukuphepha ekufakweni kwekhebula.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziswa kumakhebuli okulawula izimboni, izintambo zokudlulisa idatha, izintambo zedivayisi yezokwelapha, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kokubili amandla okusebenza nokuvikela kwe-EMI kuyadingeka.

4. I-Steel Wire Armoring (SWA)

• Incazelo: Ukuvikela izintambo zensimbi kubandakanya ukugoqa izintambo zensimbi ezizungeze okokufakwa kwekhebula, ngokuvamile okusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuvikela noma zokufakwa ngaphakathi.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini: I-SWA inikeza isivikelo esiqinile somzimba ngokumelene nomthelela, ukuchotshozwa, nokunye ukucindezeleka komshini. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni ezidinga ukumelana nezindawo ezisindayo, njengeziza zokwakha noma ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba.
  • Ukugawula: Izintambo zensimbi nazo zingasebenza njengendlela eyisisekelo yokuphepha.
  • Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Izikhali zezintambo zensimbi, ikakhulukazi uma zifakwe amagalani, kunikeza isivikelo esithile ekugqwaleni, okuzuzisa izintambo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo noma ngaphandle.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziswa kumakhebuli kagesi ukufakwa ngaphandle noma ngaphansi komhlaba, amasistimu okulawula izimboni, namakhebuli ezindaweni lapho ubungozi bokulimala kwemishini buphezulu.

5. I-Aluminium Wire Armoring (AWA)

• Incazelo: Ngokufanayo nokubeka izintambo zensimbi, i-aluminium wire armoring isetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukuvikelwa komshini kwezintambo. Ilula futhi ibiza kakhulu kune-armoring yensimbi yensimbi.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukuvikelwa Komzimba: I-AWA ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ekulimaleni ngokomzimba njengokuchotshozwa, imithelela, nokuhuzuka. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphandle lapho ikhebula lingase libe sobala ekucindezelekeni komshini.
  • Ukugawula: Njenge-SWA, intambo ye-aluminium ingasiza futhi ekunikezeni isisekelo ngezinjongo zokuphepha.
  • Ukumelana Nokugqwala: I-Aluminium inikeza ukumelana okungcono nokugqwala ezindaweni ezivezwe umswakama noma amakhemikhali.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziswa kumakhebuli kagesi, ikakhulukazi ekusakazweni kwe-voltage emaphakathi ekufakweni kwangaphandle nangaphansi komhlaba.

Isifinyezo Semisebenzi Yezihlangu Zensimbi

• Ukuvikelwa kwe-Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Izihlangu zensimbi ezifana ne-copper braid ne-aluminium foil zivimba amasiginali kazibuthe angadingeki ekuthinteni ukudluliswa kwesignali yangaphakathi yekhebula noma ekubalekeni nasekuphazamiseni ezinye izisetshenziswa.
• Ubuqotho Besiginali: Ukuvikela insimbi kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha noma ukudluliswa kwesignali ezindaweni ezinemvamisa ephezulu, ikakhulukazi kumishini ebucayi.
• Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini: Izihlangu zezikhali, noma ngabe zenziwe ngensimbi noma nge-aluminium, zivikela izintambo ekulimaleni ngokomzimba okubangelwa ukuchotshozwa, imithelela, noma imihuzuko, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezimboni ezinonya.
• Ukuvikelwa Komswakama: Ezinye izinhlobo zokuvikela insimbi, njenge-aluminium foil, nazo zisiza ukuvimba umswakama ukuthi ungangeni kukhebula, ukuvimbela ukulimala ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi.
• Ukugawula: Izihlangu zensimbi, ikakhulukazi imiluko yethusi nezintambo ze-armored, zinganikeza izindlela zokubeka phansi, zithuthukise ukuphepha ngokuvimbela izingozi zikagesi.
• Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Izinsimbi ezithile, njenge-aluminium nensimbi, zinikeza ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe ekugqwaleni, okuzenza zifanelekele ngaphandle, ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma endaweni yamakhemikhali enokhahlo.

Izicelo ze-Metal Shielded Cables:

• Ezokuxhumana: Ngezintambo ze-coaxial nezintambo zokudlulisa idatha, okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesignali ephezulu kanye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka.
• Izinhlelo Zokulawula Izimboni: Kuzintambo ezisetshenziswa emishinini esindayo nezinhlelo zokulawula, lapho ukuvikelwa komshini nogesi kuyadingeka.
• Ukufakwa Kwangaphandle Nangaphansi: Okwezintambo zikagesi noma izintambo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinengcuphe enkulu yokulimala ngokomzimba noma ukuchayeka ezimeni ezinzima.
• Imishini Yezokwelapha: Kuzintambo ezisetshenziswa kumishini yezokwelapha, lapho kokubili ubuqotho besignali nokuphepha kubalulekile.
• Ukusabalalisa Ugesi Namandla: Kumakhebuli aphakathi nendawo naphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezijwayele ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle noma ukulimala komshini.

Ngokukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwesivikelo sensimbi, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zakho zihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza, ukuqina, nokuphepha ezinhlelweni ezithile.

Izivumelwano Zokuqanjwa Kwekhebula

1. Izinhlobo ze-Insulation

2. Izinhlobo Zokuvikela

3. I-Liner yangaphakathi

4. Izinhlobo Zezikhali

5. Umgodla Wangaphandle

6. Izinhlobo Zomqhubi

7. Isilinganiso samandla kagesi

8. Control Cables

9. Isibonelo Ukuhlukaniswa Kwegama Lekhebula

Imithetho Yokuklama Ikhebula Ngesifunda

Izakhi Zomklamo Ezibalulekile ngokwesifunda

Amanothi Angeziwe Ngamazinga:

• Izindinganiso zase-China ze-GBzigxile kakhulu ekuphepheni okuvamile kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, kodwa futhi zihlanganisa nemithetho eyingqayizivele eqondene nezidingo zasekhaya zaseShayina, njengokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

• Izindinganiso ze-UL e-USaziwa kabanzi ngokuhlolwa komlilo nokuphepha. Bavame ukugxila ezingozini zikagesi ezifana nokushisa ngokweqile nokumelana nomlilo, okubalulekile ekufakweni kuzo zombili izakhiwo zokuhlala nezimboni.

• Izindinganiso ze-IECaqashelwa emhlabeni wonke futhi asetshenziswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba. Bahlose ukuvumelanisa izinyathelo zokuphepha nekhwalithi, benze izintambo ziphephe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezindlini kuya ezikhungweni zezimboni.

• Izindinganiso ze-JISe-Japan zigxile kakhulu ekuphepheni komkhiqizo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo. Imithetho yabo iqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zisebenza ngokuthembekile ezindaweni zezimboni futhi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha.

Iusayizi ojwayelekile wamakhondakthaichazwa ngamazinga nemithethonqubo ehlukahlukene yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubukhulu obufanele nezici zamakhondatha ukuze kudluliselwe ugesi ngendlela ephephile futhi ephumelelayo. Ngezansi kukhona okuyinhlokoamazinga osayizi womqhubi:

1. Amazinga Osayizi Womqhubi ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo

Ubukhulu bamakholi kagesi buvame ukuchazwa ngokwemibandela yeindawo ephambanayo(ku-mm²) nomaigeji(I-AWG noma i-kcmil), kuye ngokuthi isifunda kanye nohlobo lwempahla yomqhubi (ithusi, i-aluminium, njll.).

a. Ama-Copper Conductor:

• Indawo yesiphambano(mm²): Amakhondaktha amaningi ethusi alinganiswa ngendawo yawo ephambanayo, ngokuvamile kusukela0.5 mm² to 400 mm²noma ngaphezulu amakhebuli kagesi.
• I-AWG (American Wire Gauge): Okwama-conductor ama-gauge amancane, osayizi bamelwe ku-AWG (American Wire Gauge), kusukela24 AWG(ucingo oluncane kakhulu) kuze kufike4/0 AWG(intambo enkulu kakhulu).

b. Ama-Aluminium Conductor:

• Indawo yesiphambano(mm²): Amakhondaktha e-Aluminium nawo akalwa ngendawo yawo ephambanayo, enosayizi abajwayelekile kusukela ku-1.5 mm² to 500 mm²noma ngaphezulu.
• AWG: Osayizi bezintambo ze-Aluminium ngokuvamile basukela10 AWG to 500 kcmil.

c. Abanye Abaqhubi:

• Ngobaithusi elifakwe ethini or i-aluminiumizintambo ezisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile (isb., zasolwandle, zezimboni, njll.), izinga likasayizi kakhondatha liphinde livezwemm² or AWG.

2. Amazinga Amazwe Ngamazwe Osayizi Womqhubi

a. Amazinga e-IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission):

• I-IEC 60228: Leli zinga licacisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhondatha ekhopha ne-aluminium asetshenziswa kumakhebuli avaleleke. Ichaza osayizi be-conductor kumm².
• I-IEC 60287: Ihlanganisa ukubalwa kwesilinganiso samanje samakhebuli, kucatshangelwa usayizi wekhondatha kanye nohlobo lokufakelwa.

b. I-NEC (Ikhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke) Amazinga (US):

• E-US, i-I-NECicacisa osayizi be-conductor, abanosayizi abavamile kusukela ku-14 AWG to 1000 kcmil, ngokuya ngesicelo (isb, indawo yokuhlala, ezohwebo, noma izimboni).

c. I-JIS (Amazinga Wezimboni ZaseJapane):

• I-JIS C3602: Leli zinga lichaza usayizi wekhondatha wamakhebuli ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zawo zempahla ezihambisanayo. Osayizi bavame ukunikezwamm²amakhondaktha ethusi ne-aluminium.

3. Usayizi Womqhubi Ngokusekelwe Esilinganisweni Samanje

• Iumthamo wamanje wokuthwalaka-conductor kuncike ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, uhlobo lokufakelwa, nosayizi.
• Ngobaabaqhubi bethusi, usayizi ngokuvamile usukela0.5 mm²(kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje eziphansi njengezintambo zesignali) kuya1000 mm²(kumakhebuli adlulisa amandla aphezulu).
• Ngobaama-aluminium conductors, osayizi ngokuvamile basukela1.5 mm² to 1000 mm²noma ngaphezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinzima.

4. Amazinga ezicelo zekhebula elikhethekile

• Ama-conductor aguquguqukayo(esetshenziswa ezintamboni zezingxenye ezihambayo, amarobhothi ezimboni, njll.) angaba nayoiziphambano ezincanekodwa zenzelwe ukumelana nokuguquguquka okuphindaphindiwe.
• Izintambo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo neziphansi zentuthukuvame ukulandela izindinganiso ezikhethekile zosayizi we-conductor ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, njengeI-IEC 60332.

5. Ukubalwa kosayizi kakhondi (Ifomula Eyisisekelo)

Iusayizi womqhubiingalinganiselwa kusetshenziswa ifomula yendawo ehlukene:

Indawo (mm²)=4π×d2

Kuphi:

• $dd$

  d = ububanzi bomqhubi (mm)

• Indawo= indawo ephambanayo yomqhubi

Isifinyezo Sosayizi Abajwayelekile Bekhonda:

Indawo Yekhebula Ephambanayo iqhathaniswa ne-Gauge, Isilinganiso samanje, kanye nokusetshenziswa

Incazelo yamakholomu:

1. Indawo ye-Cross-Section (mm²): Indawo ye-cross-section kakhondatha, okuwukhiye ekunqumeni ikhono lentambo yokuthwala i-current.
2. Isilinganiso se-AWG: Izinga le-American Wire Gauge (AWG) elisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa amakhebuli, elinezinombolo zegeji ezinkulu ezibonisa izintambo ezizacile.
3. Isilinganiso samanje (A): Ubuningi bamanje ikhebula lingakwazi ukuthwala ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile, ngokusekelwe ezintweni zayo kanye nokufakwa.
4. Ukusetshenziswa: Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zosayizi wekhebula ngamunye, okubonisa lapho ikhebula livame ukusetshenziswa khona ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zamandla.

Qaphela:

• Ama-Copper Conductorngokuvamile izophatha izilinganiso zamanje eziphezulu uma ziqhathaniswa neama-aluminium conductorsendaweni efanayo ye-cross-sectional ngenxa ye-copper's conductivity engcono.
• IInsulation impahla(isb, i-PVC, i-XLPE) kanye nezici zemvelo (isb, izinga lokushisa, izimo ze-ambient) zingathinta umthamo wamanje wokuthwala ikhebula.
• Leli tafulainkombakanye namazinga nemibandela ethile yendawo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ihlolwe ukuze kutholakale usayizi onembile.

Kusukela ngo-2009,I-Danyang Winpower Wire neCable Mfg Co., Ltd.ibilima emkhakheni wezintambo zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-15, iqongelela ingcebo yesipiliyoni semboni kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Sigxila ekuletheni izixazululo zekhwalithi ephezulu, ezizungezile kanye nezixazululo zezintambo emakethe, futhi umkhiqizo ngamunye uqinisekiswe ngokuqinile yizinhlangano ezigunyaziwe zaseYurophu naseMelika, ezifanele izidingo zokuxhuma ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.Ithimba lethu lochwepheshe lizokunikeza uhla olugcwele lwezeluleko zobuchwepheshe kanye nokusekelwa kwesevisi yokuxhuma izintambo, sicela usithinte! U-Danyang Winpower angathanda ukuhambisana nawe, ukuze niphile kangcono ndawonye.