Izeluleko ezibalulekile zokukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zikagesi zekhebula kagesi, osayizi kanye nokufakwa

Ezintabeni, i-voltage ngokujwayelekile ilinganiswa kuma-volts (v), kanye nezintambo zihlukaniswe ngokususelwa ku-voltage rating. Isilinganiso se-voltage sibonisa amandla aphezulu okusebenza ikhebula angaphatha ngokuphephile. Nazi izigaba eziphambili ze-voltage zezintambo, izinhlelo zazo ezihambisanayo, kanye namazinga:

1. Izintambo ze-Low Voltage (LV)

• I-Voltage Range: Kufika ku-1 KV (1000V)
• Izinja: Kusetshenziswe ezakhiweni zokuhlala, ezentengiso, nezimboni zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ukukhanyisa nezinhlelo zamandla aphansi.
• Izinga elijwayelekile:
  • IEC 60227: Ngezintambo ze-PVC Insurated (esetshenziswe ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla).
  • IEC 60502: Ngezintambo zamandla aphansi.
  • Bs 6004: Ngezintambo ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-PVC.
  • Ul 62: Ngezintambo eziguqukayo e-US

2. Izintambo ze-Votage Megen (MV)

• I-Voltage Range: 1 KV kuya ku-36 kV
• Izinja: Kusetshenziswe ekudluliseleni amandla kanye namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa, imvamisa ngezicelo zezimboni noma zokusetshenziswa.
• Izinga elijwayelekile:
  • IEC 60502-2: Ngezintambo zamandla aphakathi nendawo.
  • IEC 60840: Izintambo ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi aphezulu asebenza ngamandla aphezulu.
  • Iee 383: Ngezintambo ezingavinjelwe ukushisa okuphezulu ezisetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla.

3. Izintambo ze-High Voltage (HV)

• I-Voltage Range: 36 KV kuya ku-245 kV
• Izinja: Kusetshenziswe ekudluliseleni amathuba amade kagesi, okufakwa esikhundleni samandla aphezulu, kanye nezindawo zokuphehla kwamandla.
• Izinga elijwayelekile:
  • IEC 60840: Ngezintambo zamandla aphezulu.
  • IEC 62067: Izintambo ezisetshenziswa ekudluliseleni i-ac ne-DC ephezulu.
  • Iee 48: Ukuhlola izintambo eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu.

4. Izintambo ze-Extra High Voltage (EHV)

• I-Voltage Range: Ngaphezulu kwama-245 kV
• Izinja: Ngezinhlelo zokuhambisa ze-Ultra-High-voltage (ezisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa amanani amakhulu wamandla kagesi amabanga amade).
• Izinga elijwayelekile:
  • IEC 60840: Ngezintambo ze-EXTREP High-voltage.
  • IEC 62067: Kusebenza kwizintambo zokuhanjiswa kwe-DC ephakeme kakhulu ye-DC.
  • Iee 400: Ukuhlolwa kanye namazinga wezinhlelo zekhebula ze-EHV.

5. Izintambo ezikhethekile zamandla kagesi (isib. I-DC ephansi ye-DC, amakhekhe elanga)

• I-Voltage Range: Iyahlukahluka, kepha ngokujwayelekile ngaphansi kwe-1 kV
• Izinja: Kusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezifana nezinhlelo ze-solar panel, izimoto zikagesi, noma ukuxhumana ngocingo.
• Izinga elijwayelekile:
  • IEC 60287: Ukubalwa kwamandla okuthwala kwamanje zezintambo.
  • UL 4703: Okwezintambo zelanga.
  • Tüv: Okwezitifiketi zekhebula lelanga (isib. I-TÜV 2PFG 1169 / 08.2007).

Izintambo ze-Low Voltage (LV) nezintambo ze-High Voltage (HV) zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezithile, ngalinye elakhelwe izinhlelo ezithile ezisuselwa ezintweni zabo, ekwakheni nasendaweni yazo. Nakhu ukuqhekeka okuningiliziwe:

Amakhabethe aphansi we-voltage (LV) amakhabethe:

1. Izintambo Zokusabalalisa Amandla

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi yizintambo eziphansi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zamandla kagesi zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla ezindlini zokuhlala, ezentengiso, nezimboni.
   • Izinja:
     • Amandla okunikezwa kwamandla ezakhiweni nasemishini.
     • Amaphaneli wokusabalalisa, ama-switchboards, kanye nemibuthano yamandla ajwayelekile.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60227 (i-PVC-insured), IEC 60502-1 (ngenjongo ejwayelekile).

2. Izintambo ezihlomile (izinsimbi zensimbi yensimbi - i-swa, i-aluminium wire armored - i-AWA)

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zintambo zinensimbi yensimbi noma ye-aluminium yensimbi yensimbi yokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwemishini, kubenza balungele izindawo zangaphandle nezimboni lapho ukulimala komzimba kungukukhathazeka.
   • Izinja:
     • Ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba.
     • Imishini yezimboni nemishini.
     • Ukufakwa kwangaphandle ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60502-1, BS 5467, kanye nama-BS 6346.

3. Izintambo zenjoloba (izintambo zenjoloba eziguquguqukayo)

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zintambo zenziwa ngokufakwa kwenjoloba kanye nokufutheka, okunikeza ukuguquguquka nokuqina. Zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumeni kwesikhashana noma okuguqukayo.
   • Izinja:
     • Imishini eselula (isib. Cranes, Forklifts).
     • Ukusetha kwamandla kwesikhashana.
     • Izimoto zikagesi, izindawo zokwakha, kanye nezicelo zangaphandle.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60245 (H05RR-F, H07RN-F), ul 62 (wezintambo eziguqukayo).

4. Izinkulumo ze-halogen

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zintambo zisebenzisa izinto ezingenamahhala ze-halogen, zibenze zilungele izindawo lapho ukuphepha komlilo kuyinto eza kuqala khona. Uma kwenzeka umlilo, bakhipha intuthu ephansi futhi bangakhiqizi amagesi ayingozi.
   • Izinja:
     • Izikhumulo zezindiza, izibhedlela nezikole (izakhiwo zomphakathi).
     • Izindawo zezimboni lapho ukuphepha komlilo kubalulekile.
     • Ongaphansi komhlaba, imigudu kanye nezindawo ezivalekile.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60332-1 (Ukuziphatha komlilo), nke 50267 (ngentuthu ephansi).

5. Lawula izintambo

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasiginali okulawula noma idatha ezinhlelweni lapho ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kungadingeki. Banabaqhubi abaningi abahleliwe, imvamisa ngefomu elihlangene.
   • Izinja:
     • Izinhlelo ezenzakalelayo (isib. Ukukhiqiza, ama-PLCs).
     • Amaphaneli okulawula, amasistimu wokukhanyisa, nezilawuli zemoto.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60227, IEC 60502-1.

6. Amakhekhe elanga (amakhabethe we-Photovoltaic)

   • Ukufanisa: Yakhelwe ngqo ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga. Bangamelana ne-UV, isimo sezulu, futhi abakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
   • Izinja:
     • Ukufakwa kwamandla elanga (amasistimu we-Photovoltaic).
     • Ukuxhuma amaphaneli elanga kuya kubavikeli.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: Tüv 2pfg 1169 / 08.2007, ul 4703.

7. Izintambo ezisicaba

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zintambo zinephrofayili eyisicaba, zizenze zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezikhaleni eziqinile nasezindaweni lapho izintambo eziyindilinga zingaba mkhulu kakhulu.
   • Izinja:
     • Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuhlala ezikhaleni ezilinganiselwe.
     • Imishini yehhovisi noma izinto zokusebenza.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60227, UL 62.

8. Izintambo ezivimbela umlilo

   • Izintambo zezinhlelo eziphuthumayo:
     Lezi zintambo zenzelwe ukugcina ukuqina kukagesi ngesikhathi sezimo zomlilo ezedlulele. Baqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo eziphuthumayo njengama-alamu, ama-extractors amabhesi, namaphampu omlilo.
     Izinja: Amasekethe aphuthumayo ezikhaleni zomphakathi, izinhlelo zokuphepha ngomlilo, nezakhiwo ezinokuhlala okuphezulu.

9. Izintambo Zokunsimbi

   • Izintambo ezivikelwe zokudluliselwa kwesiginali:
     Lezi zintambo zenzelwe ukuhanjiswa kwezimpawu zedatha ezindaweni ezinokuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Bavikelekile ukuvikela ukulahleka kwesiginali nokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle, kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okulungile.
     IzinjaUkufakwa kwezimboni, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha, kanye nezindawo ezine-EMI ephezulu.

10. Izintambo ezikhethekile

    • Izintambo zezicelo ezihlukile:
      Izintambo ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukufakwa kwe-niche, njengokukhanyisa okwesikhashana kuma-trade fair, ukuxhumana kwama-cranes aphezulu, amaphampu angenisiwe, nezinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi. Lezi zintambo zakhiwe ngezindawo ezithile ezinjenge-aquariums, amachibi okubhukuda, noma okunye ukufakwa okuhlukile.
      Izinja: Ukufakwa kwesikhashana, amasistimu aphansi, ama-aquarium, amachibi okubhukuda, nemishini yezimboni.

11. Izintambo ze-Aluminium

    • Izintambo Zokuhambisa Amandla we-Aluminium:
      Izintambo ze-Aluminium zisetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwamandla nokusatshalaliswa kokufakwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Zingasindi futhi zingabizi, zilungele amanethiwekhi amakhulu okusabalalisa amandla.
      Izinja: Ukudluliselwa kwamandla, ukufakwa kwangaphandle nangaphansi komhlaba, nokusatshalaliswa okukhulu.

Izintambo ze-Votage Megen (MV)

1. Izintambo ze-RHZ1

• I-XLPE Insured Cables:
  Lezi zintambo zenzelwe amanethiwekhi aphakathi kwamandla we-voltage ane-polyethylene exhumanisa (XLPE). Basakazeka ama-halogen futhi angewona amalangabi, abenze balungele ukuthuthwa kwamandla nokusatshalaliswa kumanethiwekhi aphakathi kwamandla kagesi.
  Izinja: Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla aphakathi kwamandla okusatshalaliswa kwamandla, izinto zokuhamba zamandla.

2. Izintambo ze-Heprz1

• Ama-Hepr Afated Izintambo:
  Lezi zintambo zibonisa ukufakwa kwamandla okuvimbela amandla aphezulu (Hepr) futhi ama-halogen-mahhala. Zilungele ukudluliswa kwamandla okuphakathi kwamandla ezindaweni lapho ukuphepha komlilo kuyinkinga khona.
  Izinja: Amanethiwekhi aphakathi kwamandla kagesi, izindawo ezibucayi umlilo.

3. Izintambo ze-MV-90

• I-XLPE Insured Cared Amazinga Emazinga AseMelika:
  Idizayinelwe amanethiwekhi aphakathi kwamavolundi, lezi zintambo zihlangana namazinga aseMelika ukufakwa kwe-XLPE. Zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha nokusabalalisa amandla ngokuphepha ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zikagesi eziphakathi nendawo.
  Izinja: Ukudluliselwa kwamandla kumanethiwekhi aphakathi kwamandla we-voltage.

4. Izintambo ze-Rhvhmvvv

• Izintambo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile:
  Lezi zintambo ze-Copper ne-aluminium zenzelwe ngqo izindawo ezinengozi yokuchayeka kumafutha, amakhemikhali kanye nama-hydrocarbons. Zilungele ukufakwa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, njengezitshalo zamakhemikhali.
  Izinja: Izicelo ezikhethekile zezimboni, izindawo ezivezwa ngamakhemikhali noma kawoyela.

Amakhabethe aphezulu we-voltage (HV) amakhabethe:

1. Izintambo zamandla eziphakeme ze-voltage

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zintambo zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla kagesi ngamabanga amade ngamandla aphezulu anamanzi aphezulu (ngokujwayelekile 36 kV kuya ku-245 kv). Zifakelwe inxenye yezinto ezibonakalayo ezingamelana nama-voltages aphezulu.
   • Izinja:
     • Amagridi okuhambisa amandla (imigqa yokuhambisa ugesi).
     • Izinto nezitshalo zamandla.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60840, IEC 62067.

2. Izintambo ze-XLPE (izintambo ezixhumene ne-polyethylene ezifakiwe)

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zintambo zinesifo sokufakwa kwe-polyethylene ezixhumene nesiphambano esinikezela ngezinto eziphakeme zikagesi, ukumelana nokushisa, nokuqina. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu ze-voltage.
   • Izinja:
     • Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla ezilungiselelweni zezimboni.
     • Imigqa yamandla e-Presetation.
     • Ukudluliswa okude.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60502, IEC 60840, ul 1072.

3. Izintambo ezigcwele uwoyela

   • Ukufanisa: Amakhabetheke ngokugcwaliswa kwamafutha phakathi kwabaqhubi kanye nezendlalelo zokufakwa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe dielectric Properties kanye nokupholisa. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezidingo ze-voltage ezedlulele.
   • Izinja:
     • Ama-rigs kawoyela aphesheya kwezilwandle.
     • Ukuhanjiswa kolwandle okujulile nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi.
     • Ukusetha okufunwa kakhulu kwezimboni.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60502-1, IEC 60840.

4. Izintambo ezifakwe igesi (Gil)

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zintambo zisebenzisa igesi (imvamisa i-hexafluoride) njengendlela yokufaka esikhundleni sezinto eziqinile. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho isikhala sinqunyelwe khona.
   • Izinja:
     • Izindawo ezisemadolobheni eziphakeme (ezifakwayo).
     • Izimo ezidinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu ekudluliseleni amandla (isib., Ama-grids asemadolobheni).
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 62271-204, IEC 60840.

5. Izintambo Zangaphansi

   • Ukufanisa: Yakhelwe ngqo ukuhanjiswa kwamandla angaphansi kwamanzi, lezi zintambo zakhiwe ukumelana ne-Ingress nengcindezi. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla ezivuselelekayo noma ezivuselelekile.
   • Izinja:
     • Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okungaphansi komhlaba phakathi kwamazwe noma iziqhingi.
     • Amapulazi omoya osogwini, amasistimu angaphansi kwamanzi.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60287, IEC 60840.

6. Amakhekhe we-HVDC (i-voltage ephakeme eqondile)

   • Ukufanisa: Lezi zintambo zenzelwe ukudlulisela amandla aqondile wamanje (DC) ngaphezulu kwamabanga amade kumandla kagesi aphezulu. Zisetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwamandla okuphezulu ngaphezulu kwamabanga amade kakhulu.
   • Izinja:
     • Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla amabanga amade.
     • Ukuxhuma amagridi wamandla kusuka ezifundeni noma emazweni ahlukahlukene.
   • Isibonelo Amazinga: IEC 60287, IEC 62067.

Izakhi zezintambo zikagesi

Intambo kagesi iqukethe izakhi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ngamunye okhonza umsebenzi othile wokuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lenza injongo yakhe okuhlosiwe ngokuphephile nangendlela efanele. Izakhi eziyinhloko zentambo kagesi zifaka:

1. Isiqhudweni

Le khasiumculisiyingxenye ephakathi yentambo lapho kugeleza khona ugesi. Imvamisa yenziwa ngezinto zokwenziwa zikagesi, njengethusi noma i-aluminium. Umqhubi unesibopho sokuthwala amandla kagesi kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye.

Izinhlobo zabaqhubi:

• Umqhubi weCopper wangenalutho:

  • Ukufanisa: I-Copper ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zomqalisi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kukagesi nokumelana nokugqwala. Abaqhubi bethu beProp Prop bavame ukusetshenziswa ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla kanye namakhebuli aphansi amavoloji.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zamandla, izintambo zokulawula, kanye ne-wiring ekufakweni kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nezimboni.

• Umqhubi we-TINNED COPPER:

  • Ukufanisa: I-TINNED Copper yithusi elihlanganiswe nongqimba oluncane lwe-tin ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwalo nokugqwala kanye no-oxidation. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasolwandle noma lapho izintambo zivezwa khona ezimweni zezulu ezinokhahlo.
  • Izinja: Izintambo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zangaphandle noma eziphakeme zomswakama, izinhlelo zasolwandle.

• Umqhubi we-aluminium:

  • Ukufanisa: I-aluminium iyindlela elula futhi ebiza kakhulu nge-zethusi. Yize i-aluminium inokuvuka kukagesi okuphansi kune-zethusi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekudluliseleni amandla aphezulu kanye nezintambo zebanga elide ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezingasindi.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, amakhebuli aphakathi nendawo aphezulu aphezulu, izintambo zendiza.

• I-Aluminium Alloy Conduc:

  • Ukufanisa: Abaqhubi be-Aluminium Alloy bahlanganisa i-aluminium enamanani amancane ezinye izinsimbi, njenge-magnesium noma i-silicon, ukwenza ngcono amandla abo nokusebenza kwawo. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa imigqa yokudlulisela ngaphezulu.
  • Izinja: I-overhead ngaphezulu kwemigqa yamandla, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla aphakathi nendawo.

2. Ukufakelwa

Le khasiukwahlukanisaEduze komqhubi kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukushaqeka kukagesi kanye nemibuthano emifushane. Izinto zokufakwa zikhethwe ngokususelwa emandleni abo okumelana nogesi, okushisayo, kanye nengcindezi yezemvelo.

Izinhlobo zokufakelwa:

• I-PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Ukufakwa:

  • Ukufanisa: I-PVC iyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi yokufakwa kwezinye izintambo zamakhebu amavoti aphansi naphakathi. Kuyavumelana nezimo, kuhlala isikhathi eside, futhi kunikeza ukumelana okuhle nokuhlukunyezwa kanye nomswakama.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zamandla, izintambo zasendlini, nezintambo zokulawula.

• I-XLPE (i-polyethylene exhumene ne-cross:

  • Ukufanisa: I-XLPE iyinto esebenza kahle yokufakelwa kokufakelwa okuvimbela amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukucindezelwa kukagesi, nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izintambo ze-voltage eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme.
  • Izinja: Izintambo eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme zamandla kagesi, izintambo zamandla zokusetshenziswa kwezimboni nokungaphandle.

• I-EPR (ethylene proplene rubber) ukufakwa:

  • Ukufanisa: I-EPR yokufakelwa inikeza izakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, ukuqina okushisayo, kanye nokumelana nomswakama namakhemikhali. Kusetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukufakwa okuguquguqukayo nokuqina.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zamandla, izintambo zezimboni eziguqukayo, izindawo ezishisa kakhulu.

• Ukufakwa kwenjoloba:

  • Ukufanisa: Ukufakwa kwenjoloba kusetshenziselwa izintambo ezidinga ukuguquguquka nokuqina. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho izintambo zidinga ukumelana nengcindezi noma ukunyakaza.
  • Izinja: Imishini yeselula, amakhebuli we-welding, imishini yezimboni.

• Ukufakwa kwamahhala kweHalogen:

  • Ukufanisa: Izinsizakusebenza ze-LSZH zokufakwa kwe-LSZH zenzelwe ukukhipha amagesi angabhemi futhi azikho amagesi we-halogen lapho evezwa umlilo, okwenza babe yinto efanelekile ukuthi izindawo ezifuna ukuphepha ngomlilo.
  • Izinja: Izakhiwo zomphakathi, imigudu, izikhumulo zezindiza, zilawula izintambo ezindaweni ezibucayi umlilo.

3. Ukuvikela

-Vikelokuvame ukungezwa kumakhebude ukuvikela umqhubi kanye nokufakwa okuvela ekuphazanyisweni kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) noma ukuphazamiseka komsakazo (RFI). Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuvikela ikhebula ekufikiseni imisebe ye-electromagnetic.

Izinhlobo zokuvikela:

• Ukuvikelwa Kokunakwa Kwethusi:

  • Ukufanisa: Ama-COPPERS ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuhle ku-EMI nase-RFI. Imvamisa isetshenziswa kumakhebuli wezinsimbi nezintambo lapho amasiginali afinyelela kufinyelela khona imvamisa adinga ukudluliselwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zedatha, izintambo zesiginali, kanye ne-elekthronikhi ebucayi.

• I-Aluminium Foil Shielding:

  • Ukufanisa: Izihlangu ze-aluminium foil zisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okulula nokuguquguqukayo ku-EMI. Imvamisa kutholakala kumakhebuli adinga ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kokuvikela.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zesiginali eziguquguqukayo, amakhekhe wamandla aphansi aphansi.

• Inhlanganisela ye-foil ne-braid inhlanganisi:

  • Ukufanisa: Lolu hlobo lokuvikelwa luhlanganisa bobabili i-foil nama-braids ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okubili ekuphazanyisweni ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuguquguquka.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zesiginali zezimboni zezimboni, amasistimu wokulawula abucayi, izintambo zokufaka izinsimbi.

4. Ijacket (Sheath yangaphandle)

Le khasiibhantshiUngqimba olungaphandle lwentambo, oluhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwemishini kanye nokuvikela ezimweni zemvelo ezinjengomswakama, amakhemikhali, imisebe ye-UV, kanye nokugqoka ngokomzimba.

Izinhlobo zama jakethi:

• Ijekethi ye-PVC:

  • Ukufanisa: AmaJakethi e-PVC ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo ekulweni ne-abrasion, amanzi kanye namakhemikhali athile. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi emandleni anenhloso ejwayelekile nezintambo zokulawula.
  • Izinja: Ukuhlala izintambo, izintambo zezimboni ezikhangayo, izintambo zenhloso ejwayelekile.

• Ijakethi yenjoloba:

  • Ukufanisa: Amajakethi enjoloba asetshenziselwa amakhebula adinga ukuguquguquka nokumelana okuphezulu ekucindezelweni kwengcindezi nemishini enokhahlo.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zezimboni eziguqukayo zezimboni zezimboni, izintambo ze-welding, izintambo zangaphandle zamandla.

• I-polyethylene (pe) jacket:

  • Ukufanisa: AmaJakethi we-PE asetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ikhebula livezwa khona ezimweni zangaphandle futhi lidinga ukumelana nemisebe ye-UV, umswakama namakhemikhali.
  • Izinja: Izintambo zamandla zangaphandle, izintambo zokuxhumana ngocingo, ukufakwa komhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba.

• Halogen-free (lszh) jacket:

  • Ukufanisa: Ijackets ye-LSZH isetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho ukuphepha komlilo kubalulekile. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa azidedeli intuthu enobuthi noma amagesi awonakalisayo uma kwenzeka umlilo.
  • Izinja: Izakhiwo zomphakathi, imigudu, ingqalasizinda yokuhamba.

5. I-Armoring (Ngokuzithandela)

Ngezinhlobo ezithile zamakhebula,ekhononqenqenaisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwemishini ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, okubaluleke kakhulu ekufakweni ngaphansi komhlaba noma kwangaphandle.

• Izintambo zensimbi yensimbi yensimbi (SWAY):

  • Ukufanisa: Izikhali zensimbi yensimbi zengeza ungqimba owengeziwe wokuvikelwa ekulimaleni kwemishini, ingcindezi, kanye nomthelela.
  • Izinja: Ukufakwa kwangaphandle noma ngaphansi komhlaba, izindawo ezinengozi enkulu yokulimala ngokomzimba.

• Izintambo ze-Aluminium Wire Armored (AMA):

  • Ukufanisa: I-Aluminium Armoring isetshenziselwa izinhloso ezifanayo njengezigebengu zensimbi kepha inikeza enye indlela elula.
  • Izinja: Ukufakwa kwangaphandle, imishini yezimboni, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla.

Kwezinye izimo, izintambo zikagesi zihlome ngeIsihlangu Sensimbi or Ukuvikelwa Kwensimbiungqimba ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okwengeziwe futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza. Le khasiIsihlangu SensimbiInika izinhloso eziningi, njengokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (i-EMI), ukuvikela umqhubi wesifundo, nokuhlinzeka ngokuphepha. Nazi eziyinhlokoIzinhlobo zokuvikelwa kwensimbikanye neyeboimisebenzi ethile:

Izinhlobo zokuvikelwa kwensimbi ezintabeni

1. Isivikelo Sokuvikelwa Kwethusi

• Ukufanisa: Ukuvikelwa kwe-Copper Braid kuqukethe imicu elukiwe yocingo lwethusi olusongwe khona ukufakwa kwentambo. Ngenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuvikelwa kwensimbi ezisetshenziswa kumakhebuli.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukuvikelwa kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI) Ukuvikelwa: I-Copper Braid ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-EMI neRadio Frequency Ukuphazanyiswa (RFI). Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu omsindo kagesi.
  • Isikhundla: Ungqimba lwethusi ovuthiwe futhi lusebenza njengendlela yokuya emhlabathini, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngokuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwamacala ayingozi kagesi.
  • Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini: Ingeza ungqimba lwamandla okwenziwa ngomshini kukhebula, okwenza lizwele ngokwengeziwe ekulimaleni nasekulimaleni emandleni angaphandle.
• Izinja: Kusetshenziswe kumakhebuli wedatha, amakhebuli wezinsimbi, izintambo zesiginali, nezintambo ze-Electronics ezibucayi.

2. I-Aluminium Foil Shielding

• Ukufanisa: Ukuvikelwa kwe-aluminium foil kuqukethe ungqimba oluncanyana lwe-aluminium esongelwe yintambo, kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ne-polyester noma ifilimu yepulasitiki. Lokhu kuvikela kungasindi futhi kunikeza ukuvikeleka okuqhubekayo ngokuzungeza umqhubi wesifundo.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) Ukuvikelwa: I-Aluminium Foil ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-EMI ye-Low-Frequency Emi ne-RFI, isiza ukugcina ubuqotho bamasiginali ngaphakathi kwekhebula.
  • Umhawu womswakama: Ngaphezu kokuvikelwa kwe-EMI, i-Aluminium Foil isebenza njengesithiyo somswakama, ukuvimbela amanzi nezinye izinto zokungcola ukungena ngemvume.
  • Engasindi futhi kungabizi kakhuluI-aluminium ilula futhi ibiza kakhulu kune-zethusi, okwenza kube yisixazululo esisebenza ngempumelelo yokuvikela.
• Izinja: Isetshenziswa kaningi kumakhebuli ezokuxhumana, izintambo ze-coaxial, kanye namakhebuli wamandla aphansi aphansi.

3. I-Braid ehlanganisiwe kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-foil

• Ukufanisa: Lolu hlobo lokuvikelwa luhlanganisa womabili ama-foil wethusi kanye ne-aluminium foil ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okumbaxambili. I-Copper Braid inikeza amandla nokuvikelwa ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, kuyilapho i-aluminium foil ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuqhubekayo kwe-EMI.
• Imisebenzi:
  • I-EMI ethuthukisiwe ne-RFI Shied: Inhlanganisela yezihlangu ze-braid ne-foil inikeza ukuvikela okuphakeme ekuphazanyisweni kwama-electromagnetic, kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesiginali okwethembekile okuthe xaxa.
  • Ukuvumelana nezimo nokuqina: Lokhu kuvikela okubili kuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwemishini (i-braid) kanye nokuvikelwa kokuphazamiseka okuthe xaxa (i-foil), okwenza kube kuhle ngezintambo eziguqukayo.
  • Ukubekezelela nokuphepha: I-Copper Braid futhi isebenza njengendlela enesisekelo, ithuthukisa ukuphepha ekufakweni kwentambo.
• Izinja: Kusetshenziswe ezintanjeni zokulawula izimboni, amakhekhe okuhambisa idatha, izintambo zedivayisi yezokwelapha, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho amandla emishini nokuvikela i-EMI kudingeka.

4. I-Steel Wire Herring (SWA)

• UkufanisaIzikhali zensimbi yensimbi zibandakanya ukugoqa izintambo zensimbi ezizungeze ukufakwa kwentambo, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuvikela noma zokufakelwa.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini: I-SWA ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuqinile komzimba ekuphathweni, ekuchotshozeni, nakwamanye amangcindezi emishini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhebuli adinga ukubekezelela izindawo ezisindayo, njengezindawo zokwakha noma ukufakwa komhlaba.
  • Isikhundla: Ucingo lwensimbi lungasebenza futhi njengendlela enesisekelo sokuphepha.
  • Ukumelana nokugqwala: I-arring yensimbi yensimbi, ikakhulukazi lapho i-galvaning, inikeza ukuvikela okuthile ekugqwaneni, okuzuzisa izintambo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo noma zangaphandle.
• Izinja: Kusetshenziswe kumakhekhe wamandla wokufakwa kwangaphandle noma okungaphansi komhlaba, amasistimu okulawula izimboni, kanye nezintambo ezindaweni lapho ingozi yokulimala kwemishini iphakeme.

5. I-Aluminium Wire Armoring (AWA)

• Ukufanisa: Okufanayo nezikhali zensimbi yensimbi, i-aluminium wire armoring isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ukuvikela kwemishini kwezintambo. Kukhanya futhi kungabizi kakhulu kunezikhali zensimbi yensimbi.
• Imisebenzi:
  • Ukuvikelwa ngokomzimba: U-Awa uhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ekumoseni komzimba njengokuchotshozwa, imithelela, kanye ne-abrasion. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphandle lapho ikhebula lingadalulwa khona ekucindezelekeni kwemishini.
  • Isikhundla: Njenge-SWA, i-aluminium wire ingasiza nokuhlinzeka ngezizathu zokuphepha.
  • Ukumelana nokugqwala: I-aluminium inikeza ukumelana okungcono kokugqwala ezindaweni ezivezwe umswakama noma amakhemikhali.
• Izinja: Kusetshenziswe kumakhekhe wamandla, ikakhulukazi ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla aphakathi nendawo ekufakweni kwangaphandle nangaphansi komhlaba.

Isifinyezo semisebenzi yezihlangu zensimbi

• Ukuvikelwa kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI) Ukuvikelwa: Izihlangu zensimbi ezifana ne-Copper Braid kanye ne-Aluminium Foil Block ezingafuneki ezifuywayo ezithinta ukuthunyelwa kwangaphakathi kwentambo noma ekuphumeni nasekuphazamisezele neminye imishini.
• Ubuqotho Bokugibela: Ukuvikelwa kwensimbi kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bemininingwane noma ukuhanjiswa kwesiginali ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emishini ebucayi.
• Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini: Izihlangu Ezihlomile, noma ngabe zenziwe ngensimbi noma i-aluminium, zivikele izintambo emmongweni wokulimala okubangelwa ukuchoboza, imithelela, noma ukuhlukunyezwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo zezimboni.
• Ukuvikelwa komswakama: Ezinye izinhlobo zokuvikelwa kwensimbi, njenge-aluminium foil, nazo zisiza ukuvimba umswakama ekungeneni ikhebula, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezakhi zangaphakathi.
• Isikhundla: Izihlangu zensimbi, ikakhulukazi ama-COPPER BRICKS kanye nezintambo ezihlomile, kunganikeza izindlela ezihlabayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha ngokuvimbela izingozi zikagesi.
• Ukumelana nokugqwala: Izinsimbi ezithile, njengensimbi ye-aluminium ne-galvanized, zinikele ngokuvikelwa okuthuthukile ekugqwaneni, zibenze balungele ukungaphandle, ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma izindawo ezinokhahlo.

Izicelo zezintambo ezivikelwe ngensimbi:

• Ukuxhumana ngocingo: Ngezintambo ze-coaxial kanye nezintambo zokuhambisa idatha, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yesiginali kanye nokumelana nokuphazanyiswa.
• Izinhlelo zokulawula izimboni: Izintambo ezisetshenziswa emishini esindayo nezinhlelo zokulawula, lapho kudingeka khona ukuvikelwa kwemishini nokukagesi.
• Ukufakwa okungaphandle nangaphansi komhlaba: Ngezintambo zamandla noma izintambo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinengozi enkulu yokulimala ngokomzimba noma ukuvezwa kwezimo ezinzima.
• Imishini yezokwelapha: Izintambo ezisetshenziswa emavikini wezokwelapha, lapho bobabili ubuqotho kanye nokuphepha kwezimpawu kubalulekile.
• Ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi nokusebenzisa amandla: Ngezintambo eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithambekele ekuphazanyisweni kwangaphandle noma ukulimala kwemishini.

Ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanele lokuvikelwa kwensimbi, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zakho zihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza, ukuqina nokuphepha ezinhlelweni ezithile.

Cable ukuqanjwa kwemihlangano

1. Izinhlobo Zokufakwa

2. Izinhlobo Zokuvikela

3. I-liner yangaphakathi

4. Izinhlobo Ezihlangene

5. Umvini wangaphandle

6. Izindlela

7. Isilinganiso seVoltage

8. Lawula izintambo

9. Isibonelo Ukuqhekeka kwegama lekhebula

Imithetho ye-Cable Design ngesifunda

Izinto Zomklamo Osemqoka ngesifunda

Amanothi angeziwe kumazinga:

• Izindinganiso ze-GB zaseChinaZigxile kakhulu ekuphepheni okujwayelekile kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, kepha futhi kufaka nemithetho eyingqayizivele eqondene nezidingo zasekhaya zasekhaya, njengokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

• Izindinganiso ze-Ul e-USbaziwa kabanzi ngovivinyo lomlilo nokuphepha. Bajwayele ukugxila ezingozini zikagesi njengokushisa ngokweqile nokumelana nomlilo, okubalulekile ukufakwa kuzo zombili izakhiwo zokuhlala nezezimboni.

• Amazinga we-IECbaziwa emhlabeni jikelele futhi basetshenziswe kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba. Bahlose ukuvumelanisa izindlela zokuphepha kanye nezindlela ezisezingeni, okwenza amakhabethe aphephile ukuba asebenzise ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ezindlini kuya ezinhlanzini zezimboni.

• Izindinganiso ze-JISEJapan kugxile kakhulu ekuphepheni komkhiqizo nokuvumelana nezimo. Imithetho yabo iqinisekisa ukuthi amakhebuli enza ngokuthembekile ezindaweni zezimboni futhi ahlangabezane namazinga okuphepha anzima.

Le khasiInani elijwayelekile labaqhubiichazwa ngamazinga nemigomo ehlukahlukene yamazwe omhlaba ukuqinisekisa ubukhulu kanye nezimpawu ezifanele zabaqhubi ngokudluliselwa kukagesi okuphephile nokusebenzayo. Ngezansi kuyisisekeloAmazinga ka-Conductor:

1. Amazinga kaCrouper ngosayizi ngezinto ezibonakalayo

Usayizi wabaqhubi kagesi uvame ukuchazwa ngokuya ngeindawo yesigaba sesigaba(ku-MM²) nomainto yokulinganisa(AWG noma Kcmil), kuya ngesifunda nohlobo lwe-Conductor Material (ithusi, i-aluminium, njll.).

a. Abaqhubi beCopper:

• Indawo yesigaba sesigaba(MM²): Iningi labaqhubi bethusi balinganiswa yindawo yabo yesigaba sesigaba, ngokujwayelekile kusuka0.5 mm² to I-400 mm²noma ngaphezulu ngezintambo zamandla.
• I-AWG (American Wire Gauge): Kwabahambi abancane be-gauge, osayizi bamelelwa e-AWG (American Wire Gauge), esukela24 AWG(ucingo oluncanyana kakhulu) kuze kube4/0 AWG(inqwaba enkulu kakhulu).

b. Abaqhubi be-Aluminium:

• Indawo yesigaba sesigaba(MM²): Abaqhubi be-Aluminium baphinde balinganiswa yindawo yabo yesigaba sesigaba, osayizi abavamile abasukela1.5 mm² to I-500 mm²noma ngaphezulu.
• Kathathu: Amasayizi we-aluminium wire ngokuvamile avela10 AWG to I-500 kcmil.

c. Abanye abaqhubi:

• IngomaneI-TINNED Copper or aluminiyamuizintambo ezisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile (isib., Marine, izimboni, njll.)I-MM² or Kathathu.

2. Amazinga aphesheya we-conducro cover

a. I-IEC (I-International Electrotechnical Commission) Izindinganiso:

• IEC 60228: Leli Zinga lichaza ukuhlukaniswa kwama-Copper nabahambisi be-aluminium abasetshenziswe kwizintambo ezifakiwe. Kuchaza osayizi bomlisa ngaphakathiI-MM².
• IEC 60287: Ihlanganisa ukubalwa kwesilinganiso samanje sezintambo, kucatshangelwa usayizi womqhubi noma uhlobo lokungena.

b. I-NEC (I-National Electrical Code):

• E-US, TheI-ncIcacisa osayizi bomqaphi, osayizi abajwayelekile abasukela14 AWG to I-1000 kcmil, kuya ngesicelo (isib. indawo yokuhlala, yezohwebo, noma zezimboni).

c. I-JIS (amazinga wezimboni zaseJapan):

• JIS C 3602: Leli Zinga lichaza usayizi womqhubi wesifundo sezintambo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zawo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. Amasayizi avame ukunikezwa ngaphakathiI-MM²Kwabaqhubi bethusi nabakwa-Aluminium.

3

• Le khasiUmthamo wamanje ophethewomqhubi kuncike kokuqukethwe, uhlobo lokufakelwa, nosayizi.
• IngomaneAbaqhubi beCopper, usayizi uvame ukuvela0.5 mm²(Ngezicelo eziphansi zamanje ezifana nezintambo zesiginali) ukuzeI-1000 mm²(ngezintambo zokuhambisa eziphakeme).
• IngomaneAbaqhubi be-Aluminium, osayizi ngokuvamile bavela1.5 mm² to I-1000 mm²noma ngaphezulu kwezicelo ezisindayo.

4. Amazinga ezicelo ezikhethekile zekhebula

• Abaqhubi abaguqukayo(esetshenziswe kumakhebuli ezingxenye ezinyakazayo, amarobhothi ezimboni, njll.) Kungenzeka ube nakhoIzigaba ezincane zesiphambanoKepha zenzelwe ukubekezelela ukuguquguquka okuphindaphindiwe.
• Izintambo ezingamelana nomlilo nezingavusekikuvame ukulandela amazinga akhethekile wosayizi wesiloloya ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, njengeIEC 60332.

I-5. Ukubalwa kosayizi (ifomula eyisisekelo)

Le khasiusayizi lomqhubiingalinganiselwa kusetshenziswa ifomula yendawo yesigaba sesigaba:

Indawo (MM²) = 4π × D2 D2

Lapho:

• $dd$

  d = ububanzi bomqhubi (ku-mm)

• Indawo= indawo yesigaba somqhubi

Isifinyezo sosayizi abajwayelekile bomqaphi:

Indawo ye-Cable Cross-Section Area vs. gauge, isilinganiso samanje, nokusetshenziswa

Ukuchazwa kwamakholomu:

1. Indawo yesigaba (MM²): Indawo yesigaba somqhubiphi wesifundo, okuyisihluthulelo sokuthola ikhono le-wire lokuthwala lamanje.
2. I-AWG Gauge: I-American Wire Gauge (AWG) ejwayelekile esetshenziselwa ama-Sizing Cable, ngezinombolo ezinkulu ze-gauge ezibonisa izintambo ezincanyana.
3. Isilinganiso samanje (a): Intambo ephezulu yamanje ikhebula lingathwala ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile, ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwalo nokufakelwa.
4. Umsebenzi: Izicelo ezijwayelekile zosayizi ngamunye wekhebula, okukhombisa ukuthi ikhebula livame ukusetshenziswa kuphi ngokususelwa kwizidingo zamandla.

Incwajana:

• Abaqhubi beCopperngokujwayelekile izophatha izilinganiso eziphakeme zamanje ngokuqhathaniswaAbaqhubi be-AluminiumEndaweni efanayo yesigaba sesigaba ngenxa yokusebenza okungcono kweCopper.
• Le khasiimpahla yokufakelwa(isib
• Leli thebula likhona-kukhombisaFuthi amazinga athile endawo kanye nemibandela kufanele njalo ihlolwe ukuze usayizi oqondile.

Kusukela ngo-2009,Danyang winpower wire and cable mfg Co, Ltd.ibilima emkhakheni we-wing kagesi kanye ne-elekthronikhi iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-15, iqoqa ingcebo yolwazi lwemboni kanye nokwenziwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Sigxile ekusondeleni okuphezulu, ukuxhumeka okuzungezile kanye nezixazululo ze-wiring emakethe, futhi umkhiqizo ngamunye uqinisekiswe ngokuqinile izinhlangano ezigunyaziwe ze-European and American, elilungele ukuxhumeka kwezidingo zezeluleko zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuxhaswa kwensizakalo yokuxhuma izintambo, sicela uxhumane nathi! UDanyang WinPlower angathanda ukuhambisana nawe, ukuze kube nokuphila okungcono ndawonye.