I-PCIE3.0 High Speed Cable ishintsha indlela idatha ehamba ngayo kumakhompyutha. Lezi zintambo zinikeza ukuxhumana okuqinile nesivinini esisheshayo semisebenzi enzima. Bangakwazi ukudlulisa idatha ngo-1GB/s ngomzila ngamunye, oshesha kakhulu kunezintambo ezindala. Idizayini yabo ehlakaniphile inciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali nokubambezeleka, ibenze ilungele amasistimu asebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukucubungula okusheshayo noma ukuxhumana okuzinzile, i-PCIE3.0 High Speed Cables ithuthukisa ukusethwa kwakho futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
- Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zihambisa idatha ngokushesha ku-1GB/s ngomzila ngamunye. Lokhu kwenza imisebenzi efana nemidlalo nokuhlela ividiyo isheshe.
- Lezi zintambo zisebenzisa izintambo zethusi ezinesiliva ukuze zigcine izimpawu ziqinile. Lokhu kwehlisa amaphutha futhi kuwenze asebenze ngokwethembeka.
- Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zinokubambezeleka okuphansi, ngakho amasistimu aphendula ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhle ekudlalweni nasekusakazeni bukhoma.
- Bangaphinda basebenze namadivayisi amadala, benze ukuthuthukiswa kube lula futhi kushibhe.
- Izinto eziqinile nezingqimba ezivikela ukushisa zenza lezi zintambo zihlale isikhathi eside, noma zisetshenziswa kanzima.
Izici Eziyinhloko ze-PCIE3.0 High-Speed Cables
Amandla Omkhawulokudonsa Ophakeme Wokufuna Izicelo
Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zinikeza umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu wemisebenzi enzima. Zilungele idatha enkulu noma imisebenzi esindayo efana nemidlalo noma ukuhlela ividiyo. Lezi zintambo zihambisa idatha ngokushesha, zigwema ukwehla. Basebenza kahle ngobuchwepheshe besimanje njengesitoreji se-NVMe, esidinga ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo ukuze senze kahle kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 kugcina idatha ihamba kahle, ngisho nokusetshenziswa kanzima. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kubantu abadinga ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuqinile.
Ubuqotho Besiginali Ephakeme Bokusebenza Okuthembekile
Ikhwalithi yesignali enhle iwukhiye wokudlulisa idatha okushelelayo. Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zakhelwe ukugcina amasignali eqinile. Izintambo zethusi ezifakwe ngesiliva zinciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali. Izinto ezikhethekile zokufakelwa zigcina izintambo zizinzile ngaphansi kokushisa. Lezi zici zisiza ukugcina amasignali ecacile, ngisho nangesivinini esiphezulu.
Ngezimpawu ezinamandla, kunamaphutha ambalwa noma iziphazamiso. Lokhu kubalulekile emisebenzini edinga ukunemba, njengamaphrojekthi esayensi noma umsebenzi wezezimali. Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 ziqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yakho ihamba ngendlela efanele futhi ngokushesha.
Ukubambezeleka okwehlisiwe kokudluliswa kwesignali enesivinini esikhulu
Ukubambezeleka kusho ukubambezeleka ekuthumeleni idatha. Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kwenza idatha ihambe ngokushesha. Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zenziwa ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka. Lokhu kuyasiza uma uthumela amaphakethe edatha amancane, okwenza amasistimu asebenze ngokushesha.
Umfanekiso 9 ubonisa ukuthi ukubambezeleka kushintsha kanjani ngosayizi wephakethe. I-PIO inokubambezeleka okuphansi kwamaphakethe amancane kune-DMA.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa umehluko wokubambezeleka ngosayizi wephakethe:
| Usayizi Wephakethe (amabhayithi) | Ukubambezeleka kwe-PIO (μs) | Ukubambezeleka kwe-DMA (μs) |
|---|---|---|
| 64 | Phansi | Phezulu |
| 1536 | Kuphakathi | Izinzile |
| 9600 | Phezulu | Phezulu |
Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kusho izimpendulo zesistimu ezisheshayo. Ukuthi izintambo zokudlala, ukusakaza, noma ukusebenza, i-PCIE3.0 zinciphisa ukubambezeleka. Benza ikhompuyutha yakho isheshe futhi isebenze kahle.
Isebenza Nezinguqulo ze-PCIE Amadala
Isici esisodwa esiwusizo sezintambo ze-PCIE3.0 ukuhambisana nokubuyela emuva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangasebenza ngazo zombili izinhlobo ezintsha nezindala ze-PCIE. Ungasebenzisa amadivayisi amasha kuzikhala ezindala noma kumadivayisi amadala ezindaweni ezintsha ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Isibonelo, uma ibhodi lakho lomama lisekela i-PCIE3.0 kodwa ikhadi lakho lezithombe lisebenzisa i-PCIE2.0, lisazosebenza ndawonye. Lokhu kwenza izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zibe yisinqumo esihle sokuthuthukisa amasistimu isinyathelo nesinyathelo.
Inguqulo ngayinye ye-PCIe yenziwe ukuthi isebenze nangaphambili. I-PCIE3.0 isekela isivinini esingu-2.5 GTps no-5 GTps kusukela ku-PCIE1.x naku-PCIE2.x. Futhi yengeza isivinini esisheshayo esingu-8 GTps. Lokhu kuvumela amadivayisi amadala ukuthi asebenze kahle ngokuxhunywa kwe-PCIE3.0. Ngenkathi ukusebenza kufana nenguqulo endala, ukuxhumana kuhlala kushelela futhi kuthembekile.
Lesi sici sihle uma uthuthukela kwisitoreji esisheshayo noma ezinye izingxenye. Awudingi ukushintsha isistimu yakho yonke ukuze usebenzise i-PCIE3.0. Kunalokho, ungathuthukisa ingxenye eyodwa ngesikhathi, wonge imali nomzamo. Iphinde igcine izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 ziwusizo iminyaka njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha.
Ngokukhetha izintambo ze-PCIE3.0, ungakwazi ukuxhuma ubuchwepheshe obudala nobusha kalula. Lokhu kwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu kube lula futhi kugcina izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zakho zisebenziseka isikhathi eside. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyadlala, uyasebenza, noma uyaphequlula, lesi sici sigcina isistimu yakho ilungele ikusasa.
Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Ngemva kwe-PCIE3.0 Amakhebula Anesivinini Esikhulu
Idizayini yekhebula elihlakaniphile lokudluliswa kwedatha okungcono
Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zenzelwe ukwenza idatha ihambe ngokushesha. Ubunjiniyela babo obuhlakaniphile busiza ekudaleni ukuxhumana okuqinile nokuqinile. Ingaphakathi lezintambo zakhelwe ukumisa izinkinga zesignali. Lokhu kugcina idatha ihamba kahle, ngisho nasezinhlelweni zekhompuyutha ezimatasa.
Ezinye izintambo zisebenzisa izixhumanisi ezibonakalayo esikhundleni sezintambo zethusi. Izixhumanisi ezibonakalayo zithumela idatha kude nokulahleka kwesignali okuncane. Baphinde banciphise ukubambezeleka futhi basebenzise amandla amancane, okusiza izikhungo ezinkulu zedatha. Lezi zintambo zabelana ngezinsiza kangcono futhi zonga isikhala ngokudinga izingxenye ezimbalwa ezengeziwe. Lo mklamo okhaliphile wenza ikhompuyutha yakho isebenze kahle kakhulu.
Izintambo Zethusi Ezihlanganiswe Ngesiliva Zezimpawu Eziqinile
Izintambo ezingaphakathi kwekhebula zinquma ukuthi amasignali ahamba kahle kangakanani. Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenzisa izintambo zethusi ezinamekwe ngesiliva ukuze zisebenze kangcono. Isiliva lihle kakhulu ekuphatheni ugesi, kanti ithusi lengeza amandla. Ndawonye, bagcina izimpawu zicacile futhi zishesha.
Lezi zintambo zisiza ikhompuyutha yakho ukuthumela idatha ngaphandle kokunciphisa ijubane. Ilungele imisebenzi edinga ukunemba, njengokwenza amavidiyo noma amaphrojekthi esayensi. Izintambo zethusi ezinamekwe ngesiliva ziqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yakho ihamba ngokushesha nangokuthembekile.
Ukufakwa Okukhethekile Kokuvikela Ukushisa
Ungqimba lwangaphandle lwekhebula luyigcina iphephile futhi isebenza kahle. Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenzisa izinto ze-FEP ne-PP ukuze zifakwe ngaphakathi. I-FEP imelana nokushisa namakhemikhali, kuyilapho i-PP ingeza ukuguquguquka nokuqina.
Lokhu kubamba kunqanda ukushisa nokuguga ukuthi kungalimazi izintambo. Iphinde ivimbele izinkinga zesignali, igcine ukudluliswa kwedatha kubushelelezi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udlala amaseva noma usebenzisa iziphakeli, lokhu kwahlukanisa kugcina izintambo zisebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nge-FEP ne-PP, izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zihlala ziqinile ezimeni ezinzima.
Izindlela Zokuvikela Zokunciphisa Izinkinga Zesiginali
Ukuvikela kusiza ukugcina amasignali ecacile ngesikhathi sokudlulisa idatha ngokushesha. I-Electromagnetic interference (EMI) ingamosha amasignali, ibangele idatha ehamba kancane noma engathembekile. Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenzisa isivikelo esikhethekile ukuvimba i-EMI nokugcina ukuxhumana kuzinzile.
Indlela Ukuvikela Okusebenza Ngayo PCIE3.0 Amakhebula
I-Shielding ingeza isendlalelo esivikelayo ezizungeze izintambo zekhebula. Lesi sendlalelo sivimba amaza kagesi angaphandle ukuthi angaphazamisi amasiginali angaphakathi. Iphinde imise amasiginali ukuthi angavuzi futhi aphazamise amanye amadivaysi. Ngokunqamula ukuphazamiseka, ukuvikela kugcina idatha ihamba ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.
Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-aluminium foil noma ithusi elilukiwe ukuze zivikeleke. Lezi zinto zivimba noma zimunce amaza kagesi, zigcine amasignali ehlanzekile futhi enganyakazi. Lo mklamo usiza ikhompuyutha yakho ukuthi isebenze kahle, ngisho nasezindaweni ezine-EMI eningi.
Ukuhlola Amandla Okuvikela
Abenzi bahlola kanjani ukuthi ukuvikela kuyasebenza? Onjiniyela bahlola izintambo besebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ukukala ukulahleka kwesignali. Lokhu kuhlola kukopisha izimo zomhlaba wangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amakhebuli asebenza kahle. Ngezansi ithebula elibonisa izindlela ezithile zokuhlola:
| Indlela Yokuhlola | Ekwenzayo |
|---|---|
| Indlela Egxiliswe Imodi | Ihlola ukuvikelwa kwekhebula okugcwele ngokwe-IEC 61000-4-21. |
| I-Reverberation Chamber | Ikopisha izindawo zangempela ze-electromagnetic ukuze zihlolwe kangcono. |
| Amazinga Wokulinganisa | Isebenzisa amakhebuli ekhwalithi ephezulu ukuhlola ukunemba kokuhlolwa. |
Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukuthuthukisa imiklamo yokuvikela futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi izintambo zihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu.
Kungani Ukuvikela Kukusiza
Ukuvikela okuhle kwenza izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenze kahle ezimeni ezinzima. Noma ngabe imidlalo, ukuhlela, noma amaseva asebenzayo, ukuvikela kugcina idatha ihamba kahle. Iphinde ivikele amadivayisi ekuphazanyisweni okuseduze kwe-elekthronikhi. Ngokuvikela okuqinile, isistimu yakho ingaphatha imisebenzi esheshayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ukukhetha izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 ezinezivikelo ezinhle kukunikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile. Lesi sici sithuthukisa isivinini sekhompyutha yakho futhi siyigcine isebenza kahle ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kanzima.
Izinzuzo Ezisebenzayo Zabasebenzisi
Ukucutshungulwa Kwedatha Okusheshayo Kwemisebenzi Esebenza Kakhulu
Ikhebula lejubane eliphezulu le-PCIE3.0 lenza ukucutshungulwa kwedatha kusheshe kakhulu. Isebenza kahle kumafayela amakhulu, ukuhlela ividiyo, noma ukudlala. Le ntambo iqinisekisa ukusebenza okushelelayo nokusheshayo. I-bandwidth yayo ephezulu isekela isitoreji sesimanje njengamadrayivu e-NVMe nama-SSD. Isistimu yakho ingakwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi enzima ngaphandle kokwehlisa ijubane.
Ngale khebula, ikhompuyutha yakho idlulisela idatha ngokushesha okukhulu. Imisebenzi efana nokulayisha izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ukuhambisa amafayela ithatha isikhathi esincane. Lokhu kongela isikhathi futhi kwenza ulwazi lwekhompyutha yakho lube ngcono.
Ithiphu:Sebenzisa izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 ezinamadrayivu e-NVMe ukuze usebenze kahle.
Isivinini Sohlelo Olungcono Nokuzinza
Uhlelo olusheshayo lubalulekile ekusebenziseni ikhompuyutha nsuku zonke. Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zenza isistimu yakho iphendule ngokushesha emiyalweni. Ngisho nemisebenzi esindayo, ikhebuli igcina isistimu yakho izinzile. Idizayini yayo ehlakaniphile inciphisa ukubambezeleka futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza.
Uzoba nezinkinga ezimbalwa kanye nokushintsha umsebenzi okushelelayo. Lokhu kwenza izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zibe zinhle kubadlali bamageyimu nabasebenzi abadinga ukusebenza okuzinzile.
Isebenza Ngamadivayisi Amasha Namadala
Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenza ngawo womabili amadivayisi amasha namadala. Ungakwazi ukuxhuma amadrayivu e-NVMe, ama-SSD, nezinye izingxenye ezisheshayo kalula. Lezi zintambo ziphinde zisekele amadivaysi amadala, okwenza ukuthuthukiswa kube lula.
Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ungeze ubuchwepheshe obusha ekusetheni kwakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ukuthi uthuthukisa isitoreji noma ungeza amagajethi, izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zikwenza kube lula. Futhi zisiza ihadiwe yakho ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside.
Isakhiwo Esiqinile Sokudluliswa Kwedatha Okuthembekile Okunesivinini esikhulu
Ukuqina kubalulekile ekudluliselweni kwedatha okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo.Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 ezinesivinini esikhuluzenzelwe ukuphatha imisebenzi enzima yekhompyutha. Idizayini yabo eqinile iwagcina esebenza kahle, noma esetshenziswa njalo.
Izici Ezenza Kuqine
- Izinto Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu: Izintambo zethusi eziboshwe ngesiliva zithuthukisa ukugeleza kwesignali futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Bamelana nomonakalo, ngisho nangesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kakhulu.
- I-Insulation Engazweli Ukushisa: Ukufakwa kwe-FEP ne-PP kuvikela izintambo ekushiseni. Lezi zinto zigcina izintambo ziphephile ezimweni ezishisayo.
- Ukuvikela Okungeziwe: Amabhulokhi okuvikela akhethekile okuphazamisa ngaphandle futhi avikela izintambo. Lokhu kwenza izintambo zibe namandla futhi zithembeke kakhulu.
Qaphela: Lezi zici zenzaIzintambo ze-PCIE3.0ilungele imisebenzi engami njengamaseva asebenzayo noma ukuhlela amavidiyo.
Kungani Izintambo Eziqinile Zikusiza
Izintambo eziqinile zonga imali nesikhathi. Ngeke udinge ukuwashintsha njalo. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zekhefu kanye nokulungisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyadlala noma kuyasebenza, izintambo eziqinile zigcina isistimu yakho isebenza kahle.
Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0zakhelwe ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngesivinini esikhulu. Zihlala zithembekile njengoba izidingo zekhompyutha yakho zikhula. Ukukhetha lezi zintambo kusho ukusebenza okungcono kanye nenani elihlala njalo.
Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amazinga
I-PCIE3.0 vs. PCIE2.0: Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Okubalulekile
I-PCIE3.0 ingcono kakhulu kune-PCIE2.0 ngezidingo zesimanje. Inikeza isivinini esisheshayo futhi isebenza ngokuphumelelayo. Nansi indlela ahluke ngayo:
- Umkhawulokudonsa: I-PCIE3.0 inomkhawulokudonsa ophindwe kabili we-PCIE2.0. Lokhu kusiza ekusebenzeni okushelelayo phakathi nemisebenzi enzima.
- Isilinganiso Sokudlulisa: I-PCIE3.0 ifinyelela ku-8 GT/s, ihamba ngo-985 MB/s ngomzila ngamunye. I-PCIE2.0 ifinyelela kuphela ku-5 GT/s.
- Ukusebenza Ngekhodi Kombhalo: I-PCIE3.0 isebenzisa umbhalo wekhodi ongu-128b/130b, imosha umkhawulokudonsa omncane. U-1.54% kuphela olahlekile, ngakho-ke idatha eyengeziwe ihamba ngokushesha.
- Ukuvikelwa Kwedatha: I-PCIE3.0 ithuthukisa ukutholwa kwewashi futhi ivikela idatha kangcono. Lokhu kuyenza ithembeke ngokwengeziwe emisebenzini ebalulekile.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenza i-PCIE3.0 isheshe, isebenze kahle, futhi ithembeke.
Izinzuzo Ngamakhebula Ajwayelekile Ekudluliselweni Kwesiginali Esisheshayo
Izintambo ezijwayelekile aziyibambi kahle idatha esheshayo. Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zenzelwe ukusebenza okuphezulu. Nakhu ukuthi kungani bengcono:
- Ubuqotho Besiginali: Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenzisa izintambo zethusi ezinesiliva ukuze zigcine amasiginali aqinile. Izintambo ezijwayelekile azinakho lokhu, ngakho amasiginali aba buthaka.
- Ukuzinza Okushisayo: Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenzisa i-FEP ne-PP insulation ukumelana nokushisa. Izintambo ezijwayelekile ziguga ngokushesha lapho kushisa.
- Ukuvikela: Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zivimba ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) ngesivikelo esithuthukisiwe. Izintambo ezijwayelekile zidonsa kanzima ezindaweni ezine-EMI ephezulu.
Ukukhetha izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 kusho ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo nokuthembeke kakhulu.
Ukusebenza Kwezindleko Uma Kuqhathaniswa namazinga we-PCIE4.0
I-PCIE4.0 iyashesha kodwa ibiza ngaphezulu. I-PCIE3.0 inketho eshibhile esebenza kahle kakhulu. Nasi isiqhathaniso esisheshayo:
| Isici | I-PCIE3.0 | I-PCIE4.0 |
|---|---|---|
| Umkhawulokudonsa | 8 GT/s | 16 GT/s |
| Ukusebenza Ngekhodi Kombhalo | 128b/130b | 128b/130b |
| Izindleko | Ithengeka kubasebenzisi abaningi | Iphakeme ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuphambili |
Ezokudlala, ukuhlela, noma amaseva, i-PCIE3.0 ishesha ngokwanele. Kungukukhetha okuhlakaniphile uma ufuna ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali eningi.
Ithiphu: Thuthukela ku-PCIE4.0 kuphela uma udinga isivinini esidlulele semisebenzi ekhethekile. Uma kungenjalo, i-PCIE3.0 iyinani elingcono kakhulu.
Ikhebula le-PCIE3.0 elinesivinini esiphezulu lishintsha indlela idatha ehamba ngayo kumakhompyutha. Inikeza isivinini esisheshayo semisebenzi enzima efana nokudlala noma ukuhlela. Izinto eziqinile, njengezintambo ezimbozwe ngesiliva, ziyenza ihlale isikhathi eside. I-insulation ekhethekile igcina iphephile futhi ithembekile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kakhulu. Lezi zintambo zinqamula ukubambezeleka futhi zigcina amasignali ecacile ukuze asebenze kahle. Ukusebenzisa izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 kusiza isistimu yakho ukuthi ihlale ivuselelwe futhi isebenze kahle iminyaka.
FAQ
Yini eyenza izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisheshe kunezinguqulo ezindala?
Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenzisa i-encoding engcono nezintambo zethusi ezinamekwe ngesiliva. Lezi zici zisiza amasignali ukuthi ahlale eqinile futhi idatha ihamba ngokushesha. Bangadlulisela kufika ku-8 GT/s ngomzila ngamunye, oshesha ngokuphindwe kabili njenge-PCIE2.0.
Ingabe izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zingasebenza namadivayisi amadala?
Yebo, izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zisebenza nezinguqulo ze-PCIE ezindala ezifana ne-1.x ne-2.x. Ungaxhuma amadivayisi amadala ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isivinini noma ukusebenza.
Ingabe izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zilungele ukudlala?
Yebo! Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zenza amageyimu abe ngcono ngokusika ukubambezeleka nokusheshisa uhlelo lwakho. Basiza amakhadi ezithombe kanye namadrayivu e-NVMe asebenze kahle ukuze athole ulwazi oluhle lokudlala.
Aqine kangakanani amakhebuli e-PCIE3.0?
Izintambo ze-PCIE3.0 zenziwa ukuthi zihlale isikhathi eside. Zinezimbozo ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa kanye nezivikelo eziqinile zokuzivikela ekulimaleni. Lokhu kuzigcina zisebenza kahle noma zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Kungani ukhetha i-PCIE3.0 esikhundleni se-PCIE4.0?
I-PCIE3.0 inikeza ukusebenza okuhle ngentengo ephansi. Ilungele ukudlala, ukuhlela, nemisebenzi yansuku zonke. I-PCIE4.0 iyashesha kodwa ibiza ngaphezulu, ngakho i-PCIE3.0 iyisinqumo esingcono kubasebenzisi abaningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-08-2025