Ukubuka konke ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemboni yokugcina amandla.
1. Isingeniso kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla.
Isitoreji samandla ukugcinwa kwamandla. Kusho ubuchwepheshe obuguqula uhlobo oluthile lwamandla lube yifomu elizinzile futhi likugcine. Bese beyikhipha ngendlela ethile lapho bedingeka. Imigomo ehlukene yokugcina yamandla ihlukane ngezinhlobo ezi-3: Mechanical, Electromagnetic, ne-Electrochemical. Uhlobo ngalunye lokugcina amandla lunobubanzi bawo bamandla, izici, nokusetshenziswa.
| Uhlobo Lokugcina Amandla | Amandla alinganiselwe | Amandla alinganiselwe | Izici | Izikhathi zohlelo lokusebenza | |
| -Omshini Ukugcinwa Kwamandla | 抽水 储能 | I-100-2,000mw | 4-10H | Isikali esikhulu, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe; Ukuphendula okuhamba kancane, kudinga izinsizakusebenza zendawo | Ukulawulwa kokulayishwa komthetho, ukulawulwa imvamisa kanye nesipele sesistimu, ukulawulwa kokuqina kwegridi. |
| 压缩 空气储能 | Imw-300mw | 1-20h | Ubuchwepheshe obukhulu, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe; Ukuphendula okuhamba kancane, isidingo sezinsizakusebenza zendawo. | Ukushefa okuphezulu, Isipele sesistimu, Isilawuli Sokuqina Kwegridi | |
| 飞轮 储能 | kw-30mw | 15s-30 uku | Amandla aphezulu aphezulu, izindleko eziphakeme, izinga lomsindo ophakeme | Ukulawula / Ukulawulwa okunamandla, ukulawulwa imvamisa, Ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, i-UPS kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwebhethri. | |
| I-electromagnetic Ukugcinwa Kwamandla | 超导 储能 | kw-1mw | 2s-5min | Impendulo esheshayo, amandla athile athile; Izindleko eziphakeme, ukulungiswa okunzima | Ukulawula / Ukulawulwa okunamandla, Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yamandla, Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yamandla, Ups kanye Nesitoreji Sendla Lebhethri |
| 超级 电容 | kw-1mw | 1-30s | Impendulo esheshayo, amandla athile athile; Izindleko eziphakeme | Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yamandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla webhethri kanye nebhethri | |
| I-Electrochemical Ukugcinwa Kwamandla | 铅酸 电池 | kw-50mw | I-1min-3 h | Ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, izindleko eziphansi; Ukuphila Okufushane Kwempilo, Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo | Isipele sesiteshi samandla, ukuqala okumnyama, okuphezulu, ibhalansi yamandla |
| 液流 电池 | kw-100mw | 1-20h | Imijikelezo eminingi yebhethri ifaka ukushaja okujulile nokukhipha. Kulula ukuhlanganisa, kepha ube nobunzima obuphansi wamandla | Ihlanganisa ikhwalithi yamandla. Ihlanganisa amandla okusekelayo. Ihlanganisa nokugcwaliswa okuphezulu nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi. Ibuye ihlanganise ukuphathwa kwamandla nokugcinwa kwamandla okuvuselelekayo. | |
| 钠硫 电池 | 1kw-100mw | Amahora | Amandla athile athile, izindleko eziphezulu, izingqinamba zokuphepha ezisebenzayo zidinga ukuthuthuka. | Ikhwalithi yamandla ingumbono owodwa. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okusekelayo kungenye. Ngemuva kwalokho, kukhona ukugcwala okuphezulu nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi. Ukuphathwa kwamandla kungenye. Ekugcineni, kunesitoreji samandla esivuselelekayo. | |
| 锂离子 电池 | kw-100mw | Amahora | Amandla athile athile, izindleko ziyancipha njengoba izindleko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ziyancipha | Ukulawula / Ukulawulwa okunamandla, ukulawulwa imvamisa, Ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, i-UPS kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwebhethri. | |
Inezinzuzo. Lokhu kufaka umthelela omncane ku-geography. Baphinde babe nesikhathi esifushane sokwakha kanye nobuningi bamandla aphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, isitoreji samandla se-electrochemical singasetshenziswa kalula. Isebenza ezimweni eziningi zokugcina amandla. Kungubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla. Inobubanzi obubanzi kakhulu bokusetshenziswa kanye namandla okuthuthuka kakhulu. Okuphambili ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Zisetshenziswa ezimweni ezisuka kumaminithi kuya emahoreni.
2. Izimo zesicelo sokugcina amandla
Isitoreji samandla sinengcebo yesimo sohlelo lokusebenza ohlelweni lwamandla. Isitoreji samandla sinokusetshenziswa okungu-3 okuyinhloko: ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, igridi, kanye nabasebenzisi. Kunjalo:
Isizukulwane samandla esisha samandla sihlukile ezinhlotsheni zendabuko. Kuthintwa yizimo zemvelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhanya nokushisa. Ukukhishwa kwamandla kuyahluka ngesizini nosuku. Ukulungisa amandla okufunwa akunakwenzeka. Kungumthombo wamandla ongazinzile. Lapho umthamo ofakiwe noma isizukulwane samandla ufinyelela ezingeni elithile. Kuzothinta ukuqina kwegridi yamandla. Ukuze ugcine uhlelo lwamandla luphephile futhi luzinzile, uhlelo olusha lwamandla luzosebenzisa imikhiqizo yokugcina amandla. Bazophinde baxhumane negridi ukuze babusheleleze umphumela wamandla. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umthelela wamandla amasha wamandla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amandla we-photovoltaic nomoya. Bayizikhathi ezithile futhi ziguquguqukayo. Kuzophinde kubhekwane nezinkinga zokusebenzisa amandla, njengokulahlwa komoya nokulahlwa kokukhanya.
Idizayini yegridi yendabuko nokwakha Landela indlela ephezulu yomthwalo. Benza kanjalo ohlangothini lwegridi. Kunjalo lapho kwakha igridi entsha noma ukwengeza umthamo. Imishini kumele ucabangele umthwalo omkhulu. Lokhu kuzoholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kanye nokusetshenziswa kwempahla ephansi. Ukukhuphuka kwesitoreji samandla segridi kungaphula indlela yokuqala yomthwalo. Lapho wenza igridi entsha noma wandise ubudala, kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwegridi. Iphinde ithuthukise ukwanda nokuthuthukisa imishini. Lokhu kusindisa izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zegridi futhi kuthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwempahla. Isitoreji samandla sisebenzisa iziqukathi njengesithwali esikhulu. Isetshenziswa esizukulwaneni samandla kanye nezinhlangothi zegridi. Kusekuhle kakhulu kuzicelo ezinamandla angaphezu kuka-30kW. Badinga umthamo womkhiqizo ophakeme.
Izinhlelo ezintsha zamandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza futhi zigcine amandla. Lokhu kusika izindleko zikagesi futhi kusebenzisa isitoreji samandla ukuze ziqinise amandla. Ngasikhathi sinye, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ukugcina ugesi lapho amanani ephansi. Lokhu kubavumela ukuba basike ukusetshenziswa kwabo kukagesi wegridi lapho amanani ephakeme. Bangaphinde bathengise ugesi ohlelweni lokugcina ukuze benze imali kusuka kumanani entengo aphezulu nasezisekelweni. Ukulondolozwa kwamandla komsebenzisi kusetshenziswa amakhabethe njengenethiwekhi enkulu. Ifanela izinhlelo zokusebenza kumapaki wezimboni nakwezentengiso futhi asatshalaliswa iziteshi zikagesi ze-Photovoltaic. Lezi ziku-1KW to 10kw Power Run. Umthamo womkhiqizo uphansi.
I-3. Uhlelo lwe- "Source-Grid-Load-Load-Load-Storage" yisimo esinwetshiwe sohlelo lokusebenza lokugcinwa kwamandla
Uhlelo lwe- "Source-Grid-Load-Load-Load-Storage" iyindlela yokusebenza. Kubandakanya isisombululo se- "Power Source, Grid Power, Umthwalo, Nesitoreji Samandla". Kungakhulisa amandla okusebenzisa amandla kanye nokuphepha kwegridi. Ingalungisa izinkinga njengokuqina kwegridi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuhlanzekile. Kulesi simiso, umthombo umphakeli wamandla. Kubandakanya amandla avuselelekayo, njengelanga, umoya kanye ne-hydropower. Kubandakanya amandla endabuko, njengamalahle, uwoyela kanye negesi yemvelo. Igridi yinethiwekhi yokuhambisa amandla. Kubandakanya imigqa yokuhambisa kanye nemishini yohlelo lwamandla. Umthwalo ngumsebenzisi wokugcina wamandla. Kubandakanya izakhamizi, amabhizinisi, kanye nezindawo zomphakathi. Isitoreji ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla. Kubandakanya imishini yokugcina nobuchwepheshe.
Ohlelweni lwamandla wakudala, izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo zingumthombo wamandla. Amakhaya nezimboni zingumthwalo. Bobabili bahlukane kakhulu. Igridi yamandla iyazixhuma. Isebenzisa imodi yokulawula enkulu, ehlanganisiwe. Kuyindlela yokulinganisa yesikhathi sangempela lapho umthombo wamandla ulandela umthwalo.
Ngaphansi kwe- "Neue Leistungsystem", uhlelo lwengeze ukufunwa kokushaja kwezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy izimoto 'njenge "umthwalo" kubasebenzisi. Lokhu kukhuphule kakhulu ingcindezi egridi yamandla. Izindlela ezintsha zamandla, njenge-Photovoltaics, zivumele abasebenzisi ukuthi babe "umthombo wamandla." Futhi, izimoto ezintsha zamandla zidinga ukushaja okusheshayo. Futhi, isizukulwane samandla esisha samandla asizinzile. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi badinga "ukugcinwa kwamandla" ukuze babusheleleze umthelela wokuqina kwawo amandla nokusebenzisa kugridi. Lokhu kuzonika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusha kuyahlukana. Abasebenzisi manje bafuna ukwakha ama-Micrograds endawo. Le mithombo "yemithombo yamandla" (ukukhanya), "isitoreji samandla" (isitoreji), kanye "nemithwalo" (ishaja). Basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula nokuxhumana ukuphatha imithombo eminingi yamandla. Bavumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhiqize futhi basebenzise amandla amasha endaweni. Baphinde baxhumane negridi enkulu yamandla ngezindlela ezimbili. Lokhu kunciphisa umthelela wabo kugridi futhi kusiza ukulinganisa. Isitoreji esincane se-microgid kanye namandla "isitoreji se-photovoltaic kanye nohlelo lokushaja". Kuyahlanganiswa. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza olubalulekile lwe- "Source Grid GRID STOLOD".
二. Amathemba wohlelo lokusebenza namandla emakethe embonini yokugcina amandla
Umbiko ka-CNESA uthi ngasekupheleni kuka-2023, umthamo ophelele wokusebenza kwamandla okugcina amandla kwakungu-289.20gw. Lokhu kungu-21.92% kusuka ngo-237.20gw ngasekupheleni kuka-2022. Inani eliphelele elifakiwe lesitoreji samandla esisha esifinyelelwe ku-91.33gw. Lokhu ukwanda okungu-99.62% kusuka ngonyaka owedlule.
Ekupheleni kuka-2023, umthamo ophelele wamaphrojekthi wokugcina amandla eChina wafinyelela kuma-86.50gw. Kwakungu-44.65% kusuka ku-59.80gw ngasekupheleni kuka-2022. Manje bakha ama-29.91% omhlaba jikelele, up 4.70% kusukela ekugcineni kwe-2022. Ibalwa ngo-59.40%. Ukukhula kwemakethe kuvela ikakhulu kwisitoreji samandla esisha. Lokhu kufaka amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-lead-acid, nomoya ocindezelwe. Banekhono eliphelele lama-34.51gW. Lokhu kukhuphuka ngo-163.93% ukusuka ngonyaka owedlule. Ngo-2023, isitoreji samandla esisha saseChina sizokwanda ngo-21.44gw, ukwanda konyaka ngo-191.77%. Ukulondolozwa kwamandla okusha kufaka amabhethri e-lithium-ion nomoya ocindezelwe. Bobabili banamakhulu ama-grid axhunyiwe amagridi, amaphrojekthi we-megawatt-level.
Ukwahlulela ekuhlelweni nasekwakhiweni kwamaphrojekthi amasha okugcina amandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla okusha kweChina sekube yisilinganiso esikhulu. Ngo-2022, kunamaphrojekthi ayi-1,799. Bahlelwe, benziwa ngaphansi kwazo, noma ukusebenza. Banesilinganiso esiphelele esingaba ngu-104.50gw. Iningi lamaphrojekthi amasha okugcina amandla asetshenziswe lincane futhi liphakathi nendawo. Isikali sabo singaphansi kwe-10mw. Bakha cishe ama-61.98% aphelele. Amaphrojekthi okugcina amandla ekuhleleni nasekwakheni okwakhiwa kakhulu akulungile kakhulu. Bangama-10mw nangaphezulu. Bakha ama-75.73% aphelele. Amaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-402 Megawatt asemisebenzini. Banesisekelo kanye nezimo zokugcina amandla ngegridi yamandla.
Isikhathi Seposi: Jul-22-2024