I. Isingeniso
Umgomo womhlaba wonke obheke ezinhlosweni “zekhabhoni embaxambili”—ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu—kusheshise uguquko lwamandla, njengoba amandla avuselelekayo ephakathi nendawo. Phakathi kwezindlela ezintsha, imodeli ye-"Photovoltaic + Highway" ivelele njengesixazululo esithembisayo sokuthutha okuluhlaza. Ngokuhlanganisa izindawo ezingenzi lutho emigwaqweni emikhulu, njengophahla lwendawo yesevisi, ama-toll booth canopies, imithambeka, nezindawo zokuhlukanisa umhubhe, izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic (PV) ziguqula lezi zindawo zibe “imithambo yamandla.” Lokhu kufakwa akukhiqizi amandla ahlanzekile kuphela kodwa futhi kuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda esimeme. Nokho, izimo ezingavamile zemigwaqo emikhulu—ukundindizela, isimo sezulu esibi, nokuminyene kwezimoto—ziletha izinselele zokuphepha eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi izintambo ezithuthukisiwe ze-photovoltaic zingabhekana kanjani nalezi zinselele, ziqinisekise ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo ze-PV zomgwaqo omkhulu.
II. Izinselele Zokuphepha Eziyinhloko ku-Highway PV Systems
Ukufakwa komgwaqo omkhulu we-PV kubhekene nezingozi eziyingqayizivele ngenxa yendawo yokusebenza, nezinselelo zokuphepha ezintathu ezivelele:
Ingozi yomlilo ye-DC High-Voltge
Ngaphezulu kuka-50% wemililo ehlobene ne-photovoltaic ibangelwa ama-arc amanje (DC), ngokusho kwedatha yemboni. Ezilungiselelweni zomgwaqo omkhulu, ubungozi buyanda. Izingozi zethrafikhi, njengokushayisana namamojula e-PV emithambekeni noma ezindaweni ezizimele, zingalimaza izingxenye, zidalule ama-electrode futhi zicuphe ama-arcs kagesi. Lawa ma-arcs, ngokuvamile adlula izinkulungwane zamadigri, angathungela izinto ezizungezile, okuholela ekusakazekeni komlilo ngokushesha. Ukuba seduze kwezimoto ezihambayo kanye nezimila eziseceleni komgwaqo ezivuthayo kukhulisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele.
Ukusabela Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo Kuphazamisekile
Amasistimu e-PV endabuko avame ukuntula izindlela zokuvala ngokushesha zamasekethe anamandla kagesi aphezulu e-DC. Uma kwenzeka umlilo, izingxenye zikagesi eziphilayo zibeka izingozi ezinkulu zokushaywa kukagesi kubacimi bomlilo, zibambezele izikhathi zokuphendula. Emigwaqweni enguthelawayeka, lapho ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto kanye nezingozi zesibili, lokhu kubambezeleka kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwempahla, ukuphehlwa kukagesi, ngisho nasezimpilweni zabantu.
Ukuthola Amaphutha Nobunzima Bokugcina
Amalungu afanayo e-PV yomgwaqo omkhulu ngokuvamile athatha amakhilomitha, okwenza ukuthola amaphutha kube inselele yokuhlela. Ukukhomba indawo enembile ye-arc kagesi noma ulayini onqanyuliwe kudinga ukuhlolwa okubanzi okwenziwa ngesandla, okudla isikhathi futhi kubiza. Lokhu kubambezeleka kuholela ekulahlekeni kokuphehlwa kukagesi isikhathi eside kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, kubukela phansi ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwemiklamo ye-PV yomgwaqo omkhulu.
III. Iqhaza lamakhebula e-Photovoltaic ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha
Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic ziwumgogodla wezinhlelo ze-PV, futhi ukwakheka nokusebenza kwazo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi ezichazwe ngenhla. Izixazululo zekhebula ezithuthukisiwe zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kokufakwa komgwaqo omkhulu we-PV ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
Idizayini Yekhebula Ethuthukisiwe Yokuvimbela Umlilo
Izintambo zesimanje ze-PV zenziwe ngezinto ezingashi, ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu ukuze zimelane nezimo ezinzima zemigwaqo emikhulu. Ukwahlukanisa okuthuthukisiwe kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-arc ngisho nangaphansi kwengcindezi yemishini, njengokudlidliza okuvela kuthrafikhi esindayo noma imithelela yemfucumfucu. Ukwengeza, amadizayini amakhebula amelana nomthelela aqinisekisa ukuqina lapho eshayisana ngengozi, enciphisa amathuba okuba ama-electrode avele obala kanye nemililo elandelayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Rapid Shutdown Systems
Ukubhekana nezinselele zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo, izintambo ezihlakaniphile ze-PV zingahlanganisa nobuchwepheshe bokuvala shaqa ngokushesha. Lawa makhebuli ahlanganisa izinzwa ezishumekiwe eziqapha amapharamitha kagesi ngesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela ukunqanyulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamasekhethi e-DC ngesikhathi samaphutha noma izimo eziphuthumayo. Leli khono liqeda izingozi zamandla kagesi aphezulu, okuvumela izicishamlilo ukuthi zingenelele ngokuphepha nangokushesha. Ukuhambisana nemishini yokuvala shaqa esezingeni elijwayelekile yemboni kuqhubeza nokuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwesistimu.
Ukuthola Amaphutha kanye Nobuchwepheshe Bendawo
Izintambo ezihlakaniphile ze-PV ezifakwe amandla e-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) zingaguqula ukutholwa kwamaphutha. Lawa makhebuli afaka izinzwa ezithola okudidayo, njengama-arcs noma ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, futhi adlulisele idatha kumasistimu okuqapha amaphakathi. Ngokukhomba izindawo ezinephutha ngokunemba okuphezulu, ziqeda isidingo sokuhlolwa okubanzi okwenziwa ngesandla. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokunakekela, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphehlwa kwamandla okungaguquki.
IV. Izixazululo Zezobuchwepheshe Nezingokoqobo
Ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele izintambo ze-PV ngokuphepha, izixazululo ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe nezisebenzayo zibalulekile:
Izinto Ezintsha Ezintsha
Izintambo ze-PV zomgwaqo omkhulu kufanele zibekezelele izimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka kwe-ultraviolet (UV), ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba. Amakhebuli anama-polymer ahlala isikhathi eside kanye nama-coatings amelana nokugqwala alungele lezi zindawo. Imiklamo elwa nokudlidliza ithuthukisa futhi ukuphila isikhathi eside, iqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zihlala zinjalo naphezu kokudlidliza okuqhubekayo komgwaqo onguthelawayeka.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu
Ukuhlanganisa izintambo ze-PV nobuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile kuvumela ukuphathwa kokuphepha kwesikhathi sangempela. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa izinzwa zekhebula nezinhlelo zokuqapha ingqalasizinda yomgwaqo omkhulu kudala inethiwekhi ehlangene ethola futhi iphendule ezinkingeni ngokushesha. Lokhu kusebenzisana kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwesistimu jikelele kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Ukumisa nokuhambisana
Ukwamukela izindinganiso zokuphepha zamazwe ngamazwe, njengalezo ezibekwe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), kuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhebuli e-PV ahlangabezana nemibandela eqinile yokuphepha nokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nesitifiketi ngaphansi kwezingcindezi eziqondene nomgwaqo omkhulu—njengokudlidliza, umthelela, nokuchayeka kwesimo sezulu—ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside.
V. Izibonelo Nemikhuba Engcono Kakhulu
Amaphrojekthi amaningi we-PV womgwaqo omkhulu emhlabeni wonke anikeza izifundo ezibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, iphrojekthi yokuhlola e-Netherlands ifake amaphaneli e-PV eduze kwemingcele yomsindo womgwaqo onguthelawayeka, kusetshenziswa izintambo ezibamba ilangabi ezinezinzwa ezihlanganisiwe. Iphrojekthi ibike ukwehliswa ngo-30% kwezindleko zokulungisa ngenxa yokutholwa kwamaphutha okuzenzakalelayo. Ngokuphambene, isigameko sango-2023 e-China sagqamisa ubungozi bezintambo ezingekho ezingeni, lapho umlilo obangelwe i-arc kuhlelo lomgwaqo omkhulu we-PV uholele ekuncipheni okukhulu. Izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zihlanganisa ukukhetha izintambo eziqinisekisiwe, ukuhlola okuvamile, nokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuvala shaqa ngokushesha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha.
VI. Izikhombisi-ndlela zesikhathi esizayo
Ikusasa lokuphepha komgwaqo omkhulu we-PV lilele kubuchwepheshe obusafufusa kanye nezixazululo ezingaka. I-Artificial intelligence (AI) -ukulungiswa kokuqagela okuqhutshwayo kungahlaziya idatha yokusebenza kwekhebula ukuze kulindelwe amaphutha ngaphambi kokuthi enzeka. Amasistimu ekhebula le-PV ajwayelekile, aklanyelwe ukufakwa kalula nokushintshwa, angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezakhiwo zomgwaqo omkhulu. Ukwengeza, izinhlaka zenqubomgomo kufanele zikhuthaze ukwamukelwa kwezintambo ezithuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe bokuphepha, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphrojekthi we-PV womgwaqo omkhulu ahambisana nazo zombili izinjongo zokuphepha nokusimama.
VII. Isiphetho
Izinhlelo ze-PV zomgwaqo omkhulu zimelela ithuba loguquko lokuhlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha. Nokho, izinselele zabo eziyingqayizivele zokuphepha—izingozi zomlilo ze-DC, imikhawulo yokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, nobunzima bokubona amaphutha—zidinga izixazululo ezintsha. Izintambo ezithuthukisiwe ze-photovoltaic, ezinezici ezifana nezinto ezingabambezeli ilangabi, ukuhlanganiswa kokuvala shaqa okusheshayo, nokutholwa kwamaphutha okunikwe amandla i-IoT, kubalulekile ekwakheni uhlaka oluqinile lokuphepha. Ngokubeka phambili lobu buchwepheshe, ababambiqhaza bangaqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi omgwaqo we-PV womabili aphephile futhi asimeme, avula indlela yekusasa eliluhlaza kwezokuthutha. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabakhi benqubomgomo, onjiniyela, nabaholi bezimboni kubalulekile ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuqanjwa kabusha nokunqoba izinselelo ezisazo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-20-2025