Ukubaluleka Kwezisetshenziswa Zezintambo Ezinamandla Kagesi Ezimotweni zikagesi

1. Isingeniso

Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zishintsha indlela esihamba ngayo, zinikeza enye indlela ehlanzekile nesebenza kahle kunezimoto ezisebenza ngegesi ezivamile. Kepha ngemuva kokusheshisa nokusebenza ngokuthula kwe-EV kunengxenye ebalulekile evame ukunganakwa—izintambo ezinamandla kagesi. Lezi zintambo zinesibopho sokudlulisa amandla phakathi kwebhethri, i-motor, kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zikagesi, ezisebenza njenge-umugqa wempiloyesistimu yamandla emoto.

Njengoba ama-EV ethuthuka, izimfuno zezinhlelo zezintambo ezinamandla kakhulu ziyakhula. Ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokuqina yizinto ezibalulekile ezikhathazayo, okwenza ukukhetha izinto kube yinto ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezilungele kangcono izintambo ze-EV ezinamandla kakhulu? Asihlephule.

2. Izinhlobo ze-High-Voltage Wire Insulation Materials

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle, izintambo ezinama-voltage aphezulu kufanele zibei-insulatedngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingamelana nokushisa, ingcindezi kagesi, nezinselelo zemvelo. Nazi izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokufakelwa ezisetshenziswa ezintanjeni ze-EV ezinamandla kagesi:

2.1. I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

I-PVC yake yasetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yayoizindleko eziphansi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini. Kulula ukucubungula futhi kunikeza ukuqina okuhloniphekile. Kodwa-ke, i-PVC inezinkinga ezithile ezibalulekile:

• Iqukethe i-chlorine, eyenza ibe yingozi emvelweni nempilo yabantu.
• Inokumelana nokushisa okubi, okungaholela ekulimazeni ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu.
• Ivamise ukuqina futhi iqhekeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga, abakhiqizi abaningi bayasuka ku-PVC bathande izinto ezithuthuke kakhulu.

2.2. I-Cross-Linked Polyolefin (XLPO)

I-XLPO ingenye yezinketho eziphezulu zezintambo ze-EV ezinamandla kakhulu. Nasi isizathu:

• Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu:Iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokwehlisa isithunzi.
• Amandla emishini amahle kakhulu:Imelana nokugoba, ukwelula, kanye nomthelela.
• Ukuqina:Ukuphila isikhathi eside ngenxa yokumelana nokuguga nokuguga.
• Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali:Imelana nokugqwala kanye nezindawo ezinokhahlo.

Enye drawback yayoukumelana nelangabi okubuthakathaka, kodwa i-XLPO ye-halogen-free-retardant ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekana nale nkinga. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuqinile, i-XLPO manje isiwukukhetha okuyinhloko kwezintambo ze-EV ezinamandla kagesi.

2.3. I-Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE)

I-TPE iyinto evumelana nezimo futhi kulula ukuyicubungula ehlanganisa izakhiwo zenjoloba nepulasitiki. Inikeza:

• Ukunwebeka okuhleemazingeni okushisa avamile.
• Ukubumbeka, okwenza kube lula ukubumba zibe izakhiwo ezahlukene zocingo.

Nokho, inobuthakathaka obuthile:

• Ukumelana nokugqoka okuphansiuma kuqhathaniswa ne-XLPO.
• Ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okwenza ingalungeli kakhulu izindawo ze-EV ezifunayo.

Ngenxa yale mikhawulo, i-TPE akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu yezintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu kodwa isasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezithile.

3. Amazinga Ezintambo Eziphezulu Ze-EV

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka, izintambo ezinamandla kagesi kuma-EV kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zomkhakha. Nazi ezinye zezindinganiso ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke:

Amazinga Amazwe Ngamazwe:

• Amazinga e-IEC: Mboza izakhiwo zikagesi, zemishini, nezokushisa.
• Amazinga e-ISO:
  • ISO 19642: Igxile ezintamboni zezimoto zomgwaqo.
  • ISO 6722: Imboza izintambo ezine-voltage ephansi kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kubhekiselwa kuyo ezinhlelweni ze-EV.

Amazinga Ezwe LaseShayina:

• I-QC/T 1037: Ilawula izintambo ezinamandla kagesi ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla.
• I-CQC 1122: Igxile kuzintambo zokushaja ze-EV.

Ezinye Izitifiketi:

• I-LV216: Izinga lekhebula lezimoto laseJalimane.
• I-DEKRA K179: Ihlola ukumelana nelangabi nokuphepha komlilo.

4. Izidingo Ezibalulekile Zokusebenza

Amakhebuli anamandla kagesi aphezulu kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezimbalwa ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kuma-EV. Ake sibheke izici zokusebenza ezibalulekile:

4.1. Ukusebenza Kagesi

• Iphatha i-voltage ephezulu ne-current enkulu: Amasistimu we-EV high-voltage ngokuvamile asebenza kuwo400V ukuze 800V, ezidinga izintambo ngei-insulation enhle kakhulu.
• Ivimbela ukuvuza kukagesi: Ukungagxili kahle kungabangelaukulahlekelwa amandla noma ngisho nezifunda ezimfushane eziyingozi.
• Imelana nokucindezeleka kwamandla kagesi aphezulu: Njengoba i-voltage yebhethri ye-EV inyuka, izintambo kufanele zimelane nokuphuka kukagesi.

4.2. Ukusebenza ngokomzimba

• Ukumelana Nokushisa: Phakathiukushaja okusheshayo noma ukushayela ngesivinini esikhulu, izintambo kufanele zimelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuncibilika noma ukuwohloka.
• Ukumelana Okubandayo: Ngeizimo zokuqandisa, ukufakwa kufanele kuhlale kuvumelana nezimo futhi kungabi brittle.
• Ukuvumelana nezimo: Izintambo kufanele zigobe futhi zihambe kalula ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenza.
• Amandla Emishini: Izintambo kufanele zibekezeleukudlidliza, umthelela, nokwelulangaphandle kokuphuka noma ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza.

4.3. Ukusebenza Kwekhemikhali

• Ukumelana Nowoyela Noketshezi: Kumele imelane nokuchayeka kuizinto zokuthambisa, ama-electrolyte ebhethri, nolunye uketshezi lwezimoto.
• Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Ivikela umonakalo kusukaamakhemikhali kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima.

5. Amathrendi Azayo Nezinto Ezintsha

Ukuthuthukiswa kweisizukulwane esilandelayohigh-voltage wire materials kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Nakhu ukuthi ikusasa likuphatheleni:

• Amandla okuthwala amanje aphezulu: Njengobaama-voltage ebhethri ayakhuphuka, izintambo kufanele zisekelengisho namazinga aphezulu amandla.
• Ukumelana nokushisa okungcono: Izinto ezintsha zizokwenzaphatha amazinga okushisa aphezuluokungcono kakhulu kune-XLPO yanamuhla.
• Ukusimama: Imboni ishintshela kuyoizinto ezihambisana nemveloezinciphisa ukungcoliswa kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugaywa kabusha.
• Ukuphepha komlilo okuthuthukisiwe: Ukwakhiwa okusha kwe-insulation kuzohlinzekaukumelana nelangabi kangconongaphandle kwamakhemikhali anobuthi.
• Ukukhiqiza okuthuthukile: Ukuqanjwa ngaphakathiamasu extrusion kanye processingizothuthukisa ukusebenza kwekhebula ngenkathi yehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Isiphetho

Izintambo ezinamandla kagesi ziyingxenye ebalulekile kodwa evame ukunganakwa yemoto kagesi. Ukukhetha insulation impahla efanele kuqinisekisaukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuqina, okunikela ekuthembekeni kukonke kwama-EV. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, singalindelaizinto ezingcono nakakhuluezithuthukisa ukusebenza ngenkathi usekhonaesimeme kakhudlwana. Ikusasa le-EV wiring liqhakazile, futhi ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kuzosiza ukuqhubekisela phambili imboni!

WinpowerIzinto zikagesi zezintambo ezinamandla kagesi zimboza amazinga okushisa amaningi ukusuka ku-105℃ ukuya ku-150℃. Ezenzweni ezisebenzayo, zikhombisa ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, ukufakwa kukagesi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, okuhlinzeka ngeziqinisekiso ezithembekile zokusebenza okuzinzile kwezimoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza, baxazulula ngokuphumelelayo ukushiyeka kokusebenza kwezinto zendabuko ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlinzeka ngokusekela okuqinile kokusebenza okuphephile kwezimoto zikagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile zokusebenza.