Odinga Ukukwazi Nge-EV Ukushaja Izixhumi

Izixhumi zokushaja ze-EV zibalulekile ekunikezeni amandla izimoto zikagesi. Bahambisa amandla ukusuka kumashaja ukuya kumabhethri emoto ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Ngo-2023, izixhumi zokushaja ze-AC zazidume kakhulu, ngokusetshenziswa okungu-70%. Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sasinakhongaphezu kwama-35% ezimakethe, okubonisa ukukhula kwe-EV emhlabeni wonke. Ukwazi ngalezi zixhumi kusiza abanikazi be-EV ukuthi bakhethe ishaja efanele.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Funda mayelana nezinhlobo zezixhumi zokushaja ze-EV. Ukwazi isixhumi sakho kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe ishaja efanele.
• Ukushaja kwe-AC kuhamba kancane kodwa kusebenza kahle ekhaya. Ukushaja kwe-DC kuyashesha futhi kungcono ohambweni olude. Khetha ngokusekelwe endleleni okhokhisa ngayo.
• Ukuphepha kubalulekile uma usebenzisa amashaja e-EV. Njalo hlola amalebula okuphepha ukuze uqinisekise ukushaja okuphephile.
• Yazi uhlobo lwesixhumi se-EV yakho ngaphambi kohambo. Lokhu kugwema izinkinga zokuthola amashaja ezindaweni ezintsha.
• Qhubeka nezibuyekezo zesixhumi. Ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-NACS kaTesla buyashintsha ukushaja kwe-EV.

Ukuvela Kwezixhumi zokushaja ze-EV

Izixhumi ze-AC zakuqala kanye nemikhawulo yazo

Ekuqaleni, izixhumi zokushaja ze-AC zaziyisisekelo futhi zilula. Basebenza kahle ngokushaja ekhaya kancane ebusuku. Kodwa babenezinkinga ezinkulu. Abakwazanga ukuphatha amandla aphezulu, ngakho ukushaja bekuhamba kancane. Njengoba ama-EV athuthuka, abantu bafuna izinketho zokushaja ezisheshayo. Lokhu kwaholela ekwakhiweni okusha nobuchwepheshe obungcono. Izixhumi zesimanje zidalwe ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo.

Ukwethulwa kwe-CHAdeMO yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ngeminyaka yawo-1990

Ngawo-1990, i-CHAdeMO yashintsha ukushaja kwe-EV. Yenziwe e-Japan, ivumele ukushaja kwe-DC okusheshayo. Izimoto ezifana neNissan Leaf neMitsubishi MiEV beziyisebenzisa. I-CHAdeMO ibe nezinzuzo eziningi:

• Ishajwe ngokushesha nge-500VDC kanye ne-125A, inika amandla angu-62.5kW.
• Ukushaja kwakushesha kakhulu kuneLeveli 2 AC, engeze amamayela angu-25 kuphela ngehora.
• Ngo-2008, i-CHAdeMO yaba yizinga ngenxa yokusebenza ngokubambisana embonini.

Lokhu kubonise ukuthi izixhumi ze-EV zingathuthuka kanjani ngezidingo ezikhulayo ze-EV.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-CCS kanye ne-Tesla NACS yama-EV esimanje

Ama-EV anamuhla asebenzisa izixhumi ezithuthukile njenge-CCS ne-Tesla NACS. I-CCS ingakwazi ukushaja i-AC ne-DC, ikwenze kube nezimo. I-Tesla NACS ilula futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu. U-Tesla uhlela ukwabelana nge-NACS nabanye abenzi bezimoto. Izinkampani ezifana neGM, Ford, neVolvo zizoyisebenzisa maduze. U-Tesla uhlela nokuvula3,500 Superchargerkuwo wonke ama-EV ngo-2024. Lezi zinguquko zenza ukushaja kusheshe futhi kube lula kuwo wonke umuntu.

Izinhlobo zezixhumi zokushaja ze-AC

Uhlobo 1 (SAE J1772)

Uhlobo 1, noma i-SAE J1772, lusetshenziswa eNyakatho Melika naseJapan. Izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto zase-Asia zisebenzisa lesi sixhumi. Isebenzela ukushaja kweLeveli 1 kanye neleveli 2. Lawa maleveli mahle ekhaya noma eziteshini zomphakathi. Uhlobo loku-1 lukwazi ukuletha amandla afinyelela ku-7.4 kW. Lokhu kwenza kube kuhle ukushaja kwasebusuku noma ukugcwalisa ngokushesha kwasemini.

Isici esibalulekile sohlobo loku-1 amandla alo. Iyakwazi ukusingatha10,000 ama-plug-in nokususwa. Uma ukhokhisa nsuku zonke, ingahlala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-27. Ukuphepha nakho kubalulekile. Izinga le-J1772 livikela ukushaqeka, ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esimanzi. Izikhonkwane ziyambozwa uma kuxhunyiwe. Lokhu kumisa ukuthintana ngephutha futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuhamba kwamandla uma kunqanyuliwe.

Uhlobo 2 (IEC 62196-2)

Uhlobo 2, olubizwa nangokuthi i-IEC 62196-2, luvamile eYurophu. Ama-EV amaningi ase-Europe ane-Type 2 inlets. Lokhu kubenza basebenze neziteshi eziningi zokushaja. Uhlobo 2 lusekela ukushaja kwesigaba esisodwa nesigaba sesithathu. Ingaletha amandla afinyelela kwangu-22 kW, ngokushesha kunohlobo 1 eziteshini zomphakathi.

Izixhumi zohlobo 2 zivumelana nezimo kakhulu. Asebenza ngamakhebuli ahlukene ngesivinini esihlukene sokushaja. Ama-EV amaningi afaka izintambo ezimbili ezisetshenziswa ekhaya nasemphakathini. Lokhu kwenza Uhlobo 2 lube yintandokazi kubashayeli be-EV base-Europe.

Ithiphu:Hlola uhlobo lokungenayo lwe-EV yakho. Qiniseka ukuthi ifana namashaja endaweni yangakini.

Izinhlobo zezixhumi zokushaja ze-DC

I-CCS1

Isixhumi se-CCS1, noma Uhlobo 1 Lwesistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe, sivamile eNyakatho Melika. Ihlanganisa kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC ethekwini elilodwa. Lokhu kuyenza isebenziseke ezidingweni zokushaja ezahlukene. Ama-EV amaningi avela kumikhiqizo yaseMelika neyase-Asia asebenzisa lesi sixhumi.

I-CCS1 ivumelaukushaja okusheshayo okufika ku-500 Amps wamandla.Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja, okuhle kakhulu ohambweni olude. Idizayini yayo ihlanganisa izici ezifana nezibani ze-LED nezindawo zokuphuma zekhebula eziguquguqukayo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula futhi kube lula ukuyisebenzisa. Futhi iqinile kakhulu, iphatha ukusetshenziswa okungu-10,000 nezimo ezinzima.

Ithiphu:Uma ungumnikazi we-EV eNyakatho Melika, hlola ukuthi iyayisekela yini i-CCS1. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ukufinyelela eziteshini zokushaja eziningi.

I-CCS2

I-CCS2, noma Uhlobo 2 Lwesistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe, isetshenziswa kakhulu e-Europe. Ihlanganisa ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC kusixhumi esisodwa. Lokhu kuyenza isebenze nama-EV amaningi ase-Europe. Isekela ukushaja kwe-AC kwesigaba esisodwa nesigaba sesithathu, kanye nokushaja kwe-DC okunamandla amakhulu.

Isidingo se-CCS2 siyakhula njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-EV buthuthuka. Iziteshi zamandla aphezulu ezineCCS2 canukushaja izimoto ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-30.Amasistimu okupholisa kulawa mashaja awenza asebenze kahle nakakhulu. Lokhu kwenza i-CCS2 ibe yinhle ezimotweni ezinkulu nemikhumbi yezentengiselwano.

Qaphela:I-CCS2 iba indinganiso enkulu eYurophu. Kuyisinqumo esihle uma uhlela ukushayela unqamule izwekazi.

CHAdeMO

I-CHAdeMO, isifushaniso esithi “CHArge de MOve,” yaqala e-Japan futhi isadumile ngokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. Ihlinzeka ngamandla afinyelela ku-62.5 kW futhi isekela ukushaja okuqondiswa kabili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-EV yakho ingabuyisela amandla kugridi noma inike amandla ikhaya lakho.

Noma izixhumi ze-CCS zivame kakhulu manje, i-CHAdeMO isasetshenziswa. Izimoto ezifana neNissan Leaf zithembele kulesi sixhumi. Cishe izohlala itholakala kuze kube okungenani ngo-2035, ikakhulukazi eJapan nasezingxenyeni ezithile zaseYurophu.

Uthi bewazi?Ukushaja kabili kwe-CHAdeMO bekungenye yezokuqala zalolu hlobo. Isiza ukudala amasistimu wamandla ahlakaniphile esikhathi esizayo.

Ezinye Izinhlobo Zesixhumi se-EV

I-Tesla (NACS)

Isixhumi se-Tesla NACS sihlukile ekushajweni kwe-EV. Incane kune-CCS, isiza abenzi bezimoto ukuklama izimoto eziguquguqukayo. Lesi sixhumi sisebenza ngokushaja kwe-AC ne-DC. Ikwazi ukuletha amandla afinyelela ku-250 kW. Inethiwekhi kaTesla's Supercharger ikakhulukazi isebenzisa i-NACS, kodwa imikhiqizo efana neGM, Ford, neVolvo izokwamukela.ngo-2025.

I-NACS inezinzuzo eziningi:

• Ukushaja Kahle: Ikhokhisa ngokulahleka kwamandla amancane.
• Izinzuzo Zezindleko: Umklamo wayo olula wehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
• Ukuhambisana: Isebenzisa isistimu yokuxhumana efanayo ne-CCS, ngakho isebenza nama-EV amaningi.

I-Tesla ihlela ukuvumela ama-EV angewona ama-Tesla ukuthi asebenzise ama-Supercharger ayo. Lokhu cishe kuzokwenza i-NACS idume kakhulu. Kodwa, iziteshi ezindala namasistimu angase adinge ukubuyekezwa ukuze asekele lolu shintsho.

Uthi bewazi?Ngo-2024, i-Tesla izothuthukisa ama-Supercharger angu-3,500 kuma-non-Tesla EVs.

I-GB/T

Isixhumi se-GB/T sisezingeni lase-China lokushajwa kwe-EV. Isekela kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC. I-DC ikwazi ukukhuphuka ifinyelele ku-237.5 kW, kanti i-AC ifinyelela ku-7.4 kW. Ngokungafani nezinye izixhumi, i-GB/T inezimbobo ezihlukene ze-AC ne-DC. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kodwa kuthatha isikhala esiningi ezimotweni.

Izixhumi ze-GB/T zilandela imithetho eqinile yokuphepha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa komlilo, ukuhlolwa kokushisa, nokuhlolwa kwemvelo. Ithebula elingezansi libala ezinyeizindinganiso ezibalulekile:

Ukusebenzisa kwe-China i-GB/T kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amashaja asebenza ezweni lonke. Iphinde isekele ukushaja okuqondiswa kabili. Lokhu kuvumela ama-EVs ukuthi athumele amandla kugridi.

Ithiphu:Uma ushayela i-EV e-China, qiniseka ukuthi isekela i-GB/T ukuze ishaje kalula.

Indlela Yokukhetha Isixhumi Esilungile sokushaja se-EV

Ukuhambisana kwezimoto namazinga esifunda

Ukuze ukhethe isixhumi esilungile se-EV, yazi izidingo zemoto yakho. Izindawo ezihlukene zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukene zokuxhuma. ENyakatho Melika, i-CCS1 kanye noHlobo loku-1 zivamile. I-Europe isebenzisa kakhulu izixhumi ze-CCS2 ne-Type 2. Izimoto zeTesla zivame ukuza nesixhumi se-NACS. I-Tesla iphinde ibuyekeze ama-Supercharger ayo ukuze asebenze namanye ama-EV. Lokhu kwenza i-NACS isebenziseke kakhulu kubo bonke abashayeli.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga ishaja noma ukuhamba, hlola uhlobo lwesixhumi semoto yakho. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi uthole amashaja afana ne-EV yakho. Abenzi bezimoto abaningi banikeza amashadi ukuze babonise ukuthi yiziphi izixhumi ezifanele izimoto zabo. Lawa mashadi angakusindisa ekwenzeni amaphutha.

Ithiphu:Njalo hlola izinhlobo zezixhumi ngaphambi kohambo olude, ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izifunda.

Izidingo zokushaja: ikhaya uma liqhathaniswa nokushaja komphakathi

Imikhuba yakho yokushaja ithinta isiphi isixhumi osidingayo. Iningi labanikazi be-EV bayakhokhisa ekhaya, okushibhile futhi kulula. Ukushaja kwasekhaya kuyasizaU-75% wakho konke ukushaja kwe-EV. Izindleko zokunakekela ziphansi, u-2% kuphela wezindleko zemishini. Ukushaja okusesidlangalaleni kungu-10% nje wesamba sokushaja kodwa kuyisihluthulelo sohambo olude.

Ukusebenza kahle kuncike ohlotsheni lweshaja. Amashaja asekhaya e-AC cishe asebenza kahle ngo-100%. Amashaja asheshayo e-DC omphakathi cishe asebenza kahle ngo-92.1%. Uma ushaja kakhulu ekhaya, izixhumi zohlobo loku-1 noma zohlobo 2 zisebenza kahle. Ohambweni lomgwaqo, khetha i-EV esekela izixhumi ze-DC ezisheshayo njenge-CCS noma i-CHAdeMO.

Uthi bewazi?Amashaja asesidlangalaleni aguga ngokushesha, kubiza kakhulu ukuwanakekela kunamashaja asekhaya.

Ukubaluleka kwezitifiketi zokuphepha

Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhetha izixhumi ze-EV.Amashaja afakwe kabi angashisa noma abangele imililo. Ukuze uhlale uphephile, qasha uchwepheshe ukuthi akufakele ishaja.

Funa iIzitifiketi ezifana ne-UL 60730-1. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ishaja iphephile futhi ithembekile. Amashaja aqinisekisiwe alandela imithetho eqinile ukuze agweme izinkinga, ngisho nangaphansi kokusetshenziswa kanzima. Ukusebenzisa okokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kuvikela imoto yakho nekhaya ekulimaleni.

Qaphela:Amashaja aqinisekisiwe awagcini nje ngokukugcina uphephile kodwa futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.

Izixhumi zokushaja ze-EV ziwukhiye wokunika amandla izimoto zikagesi ngokuphepha. Zihambisa amandla ukuze zifane nezidingo zemoto yakho futhi zisize umhlaba we-EV ukhule. Ukukhetha isixhumi esifanele kusho ukwazi imoto yakho, imikhuba yokushaja, nemithetho yokuphepha.

Ukutholakala kweshaja kuyehluka emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesilinganiso, zikhonaAma-EV angu-10 ngeshaja ngayinye emhlabeni jikelele. E-US, kunama-EV angu-24 ngeshaja ngayinye. I-Korea inamandla angcono kakhulu okushaja omphakathi, angu-7 kW nge-EV ngayinye. Lawa maqiniso abonisa ukuthi kungani ukukhetha isixhumi esifanele kubalulekile ukuze ushaje kalula.

Ithiphu:Hlola uhlobo lwesixhumi se-EV yakho namashaja endawo ngaphambi kohambo.

FAQ

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokushaja kwe-AC ne-DC?

Ukushaja kwe-AC kuhamba kancane futhi kusebenzisa i-alternate current. Kuhle ukusetshenziswa ekhaya. Ukushaja kwe-DC kuyashesha futhi kusebenzisa i-direct current. Kungcono eziteshini zomphakathi noma uhambo olude. Ama-EV agcina amandla e-DC, ngakho i-AC iguqulwa kuqala. Amashaja e-DC eqa lesi sinyathelo, onga isikhathi.

Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa noma yisiphi isixhumi se-EV yami?

Cha, i-EV yakho idinga uhlobo oluthile lwesixhumi. Lokhu kuncike emotweni yakho nendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-CCS1 ivamile eNyakatho Melika. I-Europe isebenzisa kakhulu i-CCS2. Hlola imanuwali yemoto yakho noma imbobo yokushaja ukuze uthole isixhumi esifanele.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ishaja iphephile ukuyisebenzisa?

Bheka amalebula okuphepha afana ne-UL noma i-CE kumashaja. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ishaja ihlangabezana nemithetho yezokuphepha. Ungawasebenzisi amashaja owonakele noma angaqinisekisiwe. Uma ungaqiniseki, cela iseluleko kuchwepheshe noma umenzi wakho we-EV.

Ingabe kulungile ukushaja i-EV yami emvuleni?

Yebo, amashaja e-EV enziwa ukuthi asebenze ngokuphepha esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Banemiklamo engangeni manzi yokumisa ukushaqeka. Noma kunjalo, qiniseka ukuthi imbobo nesixhumi zomile ngaphambi kokushaja. Lokhu kwengeza ukuphepha okwengeziwe.

Kufanele ngiyikhokhise kangaki i-EV yami?

Shaja i-EV yakho ngokusekelwe ekutheni ushayela kangakanani. Ohambweni olufushane, khokhisa njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Uhambo olude lungase ludinge ukushajwa njalo. Ungavumeli ibhethri lehle libe ngaphansi kuka-20% njalo. Gwema ukushaja kufika ku-100% nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine ibhethri liphilile.

Ithiphu:Sebenzisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-EV ukulandelela amaleveli ebhethri nemikhuba yokushaja.

I-Danyang Winpower Wire neCable Mfg Co., Ltd.Umkhiqizi wempahla kagesi kanye nempahla, imikhiqizo eyinhloko ihlanganisa izintambo zikagesi, amahhanisi ezintambo kanye nezixhumi zikagesi. Kusetshenziswa kumasistimu asekhaya ahlakaniphile, amasistimu e-photovoltaic, amasistimu okugcina amandla, nezinhlelo zezimoto zikagesi