Njengoba imboni yezimoto ithuthuka ngokushesha, izintambo zikagesi seziphenduke izingxenye ezibalulekile ezimotweni zesimanje. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezintsha zakamuva kumakhebuli kagesi wemoto:
1.Amakhebuli Anamandla Aphezulu We-EVs
Izintambo ezinamandla kagesi ezimotweni zikagesi ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi ukuxhuma amabhethri ane-voltage ephezulu, ama-inverter, ama-compressor air-conditioning, amajeneretha ezigaba ezintathu nama-motor kagesi ukuze kubonakale ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zikaphethiloli zendabuko, izintambo zemoto kagesi ezinamandla kagesi zinezimpawu nezimfuneko ezilandelayo:
Amandla Amandla Kagesi Aphezulu Namanje Aphezulu: Amakhebuli kagesi aphezulu e-EV aklanyelwe ukuphatha ama-voltage afika ku-600VAC/900VDC (izimoto ezigibela abagibeli) noma 1000VAC/1500VDC (izimoto zezentengiselwano) kanye namaza asuka ku-250A kuya ku-450A noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-12V ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli.
Izinto ze-Conductor: Amakhondatha ngokuvamile akhiwa ngocingo oluthambile lwethusi olufakwe emanzini noma ngocingo lwethusi oluthayiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba kahle nokungagqwali. Izintambo zethusi ezingenawo umoya-mpilo (eziqukethe umoya-mpilo ongaphansi kuka-0.001% kanye nobumsulwa obungaphezu kuka-99.99%) zisetshenziswa kakhulu kuzintambo ezinamandla kagesi e-EV ngenxa yokuhlanzeka kwazo okuphezulu nezici ezingezona i-brittle.
I-insulation kanye ne-sheath materials: Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nephezulu yamanje, izintambo ezinamandla kagesi zifakwe izinto zokuvikela ezinogqinsi oluphakeme lwezindonga, njengerabha ye-silicone, i-polyethylene exhumene noma i-polyolefin exhunywe ngokuphambanayo, enezinto ezinhle. ukumelana nokushisa kanye nomphumela we-flame retardant, futhi ingamelana namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-150 ℃.
Ukuvikela nokuvikela: Izintambo ezinamandla kagesi zidinga ukuvikela kazibuthe ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo wenkundla kazibuthe kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe, kuyilapho izinto zokuzivikela (njengamashubhu okuvikela ukushisa namashubhu ahlanganisiwe) namasongo okuvala ungqimba olungaphandle lwezintambo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo azikwazi ukungena emanzini, ingangenwa uthuli, futhi imelana nemihuzuko ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
Idizayini kanye nezintambo: Idizayini yezintambo ezinamandla kagesi ezimotweni zikagesi kudingeka icabangele izithiyo zesikhala sezintambo, izidingo zokuphepha (isb, isikhala esincane esingamamilimitha ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu phakathi kwamakhondaktha anamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nama-low-voltage), isisindo kanye nezindleko. Irediyasi egobayo yekhebula, ibanga lendawo yokulungisa nendawo esetshenziswa kuyo (isb. ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwemoto) nakho kuzothonya ukwakheka nokukhetha kwayo.
Amazinga kanye nokucaciswa: Ukwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa kwamakhebula anamandla amakhulu ezimoto zikagesi kulandela uchungechunge lwamazinga emboni, njenge-QC-T1037 Automotive Industry Standard for High-voltage Cables for Road Vehicles kanye ne-TCAS 356-2019 High-voltage Cables for New. Izimoto zamandla. Lawa mazinga abeka phambili izidingo ezithile zokusebenza kukagesi, ukusebenza kwemishini kanye nokuguquguquka kwemvelo kwamakhebuli.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza: izintambo ezinamandla kagesi ezimotweni zikagesi azisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma emotweni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasekuxhumaneni phakathi kwembobo yokushaja nebhethri, ngaphakathi kwebhethri, phakathi kwebhethri nenjini nezinye izingxenye, kanye namandla ebhethri. amadivaysi okugcina nezinye izinkambu. Izintambo kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima ezifana nezimo eziphakeme neziphansi zokushisa, isifutho sikasawoti, izinkundla zikamagnetic, uwoyela namakhemikhali.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi ezimotweni zikagesi kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ikusasa elisimeme nelihambisana nesimo sezulu sokuhamba kukagesi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi buqhubeka buthuthuka, ukusebenza namazinga ezintambo ezinamandla kagesi ayaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sokudluliswa kwamandla kanye nezidingo zokuphepha.
2. Izintambo Ze-Aluminium Engasindi
Ukwamukelwa kwezintambo zezimoto ze-aluminium ezingasindi kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile embonini yezimoto, ikakhulukazi embonini entsha yezimoto zamandla, ekuphishekeleni ukukhanya, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nobubanzi. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwamakhebula ezimoto e-aluminium engasindi:
Ingemuva nethrendi
Isidingo sezimoto ezingasindi: ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha, isidingo somklamo wezimoto ongasindi siyathuthukiswa. Intambo nekhebuli, njengezingxenye eziyinhloko zokudluliswa kwamandla ezimoto, ngokwesiko kuklanyelwe ukusebenzisa ithusi njengomqhubi, kodwa izintambo eziwumgogodla wethusi ziyabiza futhi zisinda ngekhwalithi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yokukhanya, intambo ye-aluminium conductor enenani eliphansi kanye nekhebuli yezimoto sekuyisinqumo esidingekayo ekwakhiweni kwezimoto ezingasindi.
Inzuzo yekhebula le-Aluminium: imboni yamandla yendabuko inomlando omude wokusebenzisa izintambo ze-aluminium, izintambo ze-aluminium, izindleko eziphansi, isisindo esilula, impilo ende yesevisi, efanelekile ikakhulukazi ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okude ibanga elide. I-China inothe ngezinsiza ze-aluminium, ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuqina kwezindleko kanye nokulawula okulula. Embonini yezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-aluminium esikhundleni sezintambo zethusi kuyisixazululo esifanelekile sokunciphisa isisindo nezindleko.
Amakesi omkhiqizo womkhiqizo we-aluminium
Imodeli yebhasi: ibhethri pack yangaphakathi nangaphandle ye-ultrasonic welding wire aluminium, amandla amakhulu okuxhuma ukusetshenziswa kocingo, inzuzo yokusebenzisa ucingo lwe-aluminium isobala.
Imoto yabagibeli: Ibha yebhasi ye-DC ithatha intambo ye-aluminium engu-50mm2, ekhiqizwe ngobuningi ngempumelelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-welding ye-ultrasonic kuthuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo ukusebenza kokuxhumana kagesi kwamalunga futhi kunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ikhwalithi ye-wiring harness uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi.
Isibhamu sokushaja i-AC: kusetshenziswa i-aluminium alloy alloy wire enamandla aphezulu egoba, isisindo esilula, ukusebenza okuzinzile ekuhlolweni kokuguga, sekuqalile kancane kancane ukukhiqizwa okuningi; Intambo yembobo yokushaja ye-DC yezimoto zabagibeli isebenzisa intambo ye-aluminium ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunqamuka kokushisa, futhi i-ultrasonic welding isetshenziswa esikhumulweni sembobo sokushaja esiyindilinga, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokuxhumana kukagesi, kunciphisa inani lokushisa elikhiqizwayo, futhi kuthuthukise impilo yesevisi.
Umehluko wokusebenza phakathi kwethusi ne-aluminium
Ukumelana ne-conductivity: Ngenxa yokumelana okuhlukile kwe-aluminium nethusi, ukuqhutshwa kwe-aluminium conductor kungu-62% IACS. lapho indawo ye-cross-sectional ye-aluminium conductor iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.6 kunethusi, ukusebenza kwayo kukagesi kufana nokokwethusi.
Isilinganiso sobukhulu: amandla adonsela phansi e-aluminium athize angu-2.7kg/m3, amandla adonsela phansi ethusi angama-8.89kg/m3, ngakho isilinganiso sesisindo salokhu okubili singu-2.7×160%)/(8.89×1)≈50%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kokusebenza okufanayo kukagesi, inqwaba yekhondatha ye-aluminium ingu-1/2 kuphela walowo womzimba wethusi.
Indawo Yemakethe kanye Nethemba
Izinga lokukhula laminyaka yonke: Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwemakethe, izinga lokukhula laminyaka yonke le-aluminium eligingqiwe kanye nezinto ezikhishwayo lizoba cishe ku-30% ngo-2025, libonisa amandla amakhulu e-aluminium emkhakheni wokukhanya kwezimoto.
Ukungaqiniseki Ukuhlaziya
Izici zezindleko: Nakuba izintambo ze-aluminium zinezinzuzo zezindleko, kunesici esibi sokwanda kwezindleko ze-aluminium esikhundleni sensimbi embonini yezimoto, okungase kuthinte isivinini sokuthandwa kwezintambo ze-aluminium.
Izinselele zobuchwepheshe: Ukufakwa kwezintambo ze-aluminium ezimotweni kusabhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe, njengokuthuthukiswa kokuthintana kukagesi kwamalunga kanye nokwenza kahle kokukhipha ukushisa, okudingeka kuxazululwe ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.
Ukwamukelwa kwezintambo zezimoto ze-aluminium ezingasindi kuyindlela engenakugwemeka yokuthi imboni yezimoto iphishekele ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, futhi ithuthukise ububanzi. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono okwengeziwe kwezindleko, ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-aluminium embonini yezimoto kuzokwanda kakhulu, kube negalelo elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto ezingasindi kanye nokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola.
3. Amakhebuli Avikelekile Okwehliswa kwe-EMI
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) ezimotweni kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikagesi neziyingxube ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinto zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu. Njengomunye wababambe iqhaza abakhulu ku-EMI, ukuklama nokukhethwa kwempahla yamahhanisi ezintambo zezimoto kubalulekile ekwehliseni i-EMI. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile okuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani i-EMI ezimotweni ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezivikelekile:
Indlela izintambo ezivikelekile ezisebenza ngayo:Izintambo ezivikelekile zisebenza ngokwengeza ungqimba lwensimbi elukiweyo noma i-foil ezungeze izikhondatha. Lesi sivikelo sibonisa futhi simunca amagagasi kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise i-EMI.Isivikelo sixhumeke phansi, esiqondisa amandla kazibuthe abanjwe phansi futhi iwuvimbela ekuphazamiseni ezinye izinto zikagesi.
Izinhlobo Zokuvikela: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuvikela: i-braided metal shielding kanye ne-foil shielding. Ukuvikela insimbi elukiwe kunikeza amandla angcono emishini kanye nokuguquguquka, kuyilapho ukuvikela kwe-foil kunikeza isivikelo esingcono kumaza aphansi. Ezinhlelweni zezimoto, kuvamile ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuvikela ukuze kuvikeleke kahle.
Ukugawula isihlangu: Ukuze intambo evikelekile isebenze kahle, isihlangu kufanele sibekwe phansi ngendlela efanele. Uma isihlangu singagxiliwe kahle, singaba uthi bese sikhulisa i-EMI esikhundleni salokho.Ezimotweni, kuvamile ukunamathisela isihlangu ohlakeni lwensimbi lwemoto ukuze kuhlinzekwe indlela enhle eya phansi.
Lapho kusetshenziswa khona izintambo ezivikelekile: Ezimotweni, amakhebuli avikelekile asetshenziselwa kakhulu isignali ebalulekile kanye nemigqa yokulawula esengozini ye-EMI noma engase ibe imithombo ye-EMI ngokwayo. Isibonelo, imigqa esetshenziselwa amayunithi okulawula injini (ama-ECU), amasiginali enzwa, amanethiwekhi angaphakathi kwemoto (isb, amabhasi e-CAN), nezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izintambo ezivikelekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezivikelekile ngokuhambisana nezintambo ezingavinjiwe: Ezindaweni zezimoto lapho isikhala sinomkhawulo, izintambo ezinamandla kagesi kanye nezamandla aphansi zivame ukubekwa ezindaweni eziseduze. Ukuze unciphise i-EMI, ikhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu lingaklanywa njengekhebula elivikelwe, kuyilapho ikhebula le-voltage ephansi lingavinjelwa. Ngale ndlela, isihlangu sekhebula le-voltage ephezulu sivikela intambo kagesi ephansi ku-EMI.
Isakhiwo Sekhebula Nomklamo: Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izintambo ezivikelekile, ukwakheka kwekhebula okufanele nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwezihibe ezintanjeni kufanele kugwenywe, njengoba izihibe zandisa i-EMI. ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo kufanele zibekwe kude ngangokunokwenzeka emithonjeni ye-EMI, njengezinjini neziguquli zamandla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi: Ngaphezu kwezintambo ezivikelekile, izihlungi ze-EMI zingangezwa kuzo zombili iziphetho zekhebula ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuncishiswe i-EMI. izihlungi zingaba ama-capacitor noma ama-inductors, ahlunga umsindo ebangeni elithile lefrikhwensi.
Kafushane, ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezivikelwe futhi uzihlanganise nesakhiwo sekhebula esifanele nezindlela zokuhlunga, i-EMI ezimotweni ingancishiswa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwemishini kagesi.
4. Amakhebuli Amelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu
Amakhebuli ezimoto amelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu amakhebuli aklanyelwe imboni yezimoto ukuze agcine ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ikakhulukazi zenziwe ngezinto eziningana ezikhethekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuphepha ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu njengezinjini. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa izintambo zezimoto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu:
Izinto ze-TPE: ama-thermoplastic elastomers (ama-Thermoplastic Elastomers), okuhlanganisa ama-styrenes, ama-olefin, ama-dienes, i-vinyl chloride, i-polyester, ama-esters, ama-amides, ama-organofluorines, ama-silicone nama-vinyls. Njengamanje, ama-elastomer asekelwe e-SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer) ayizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-TPE.
Izinto ze-TPU: i-thermoplastic polyurethane (i-Thermoplastic Polyurethane), isakhiwo samangqamuzana sihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-polyester nohlobo lwe-polyether, nge-block eqinile kanye nezingxenye zamaketanga aguquguqukayo. ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion cishe ku-35% noma ngaphezulu, nokunwebeka okuhle nokumelana nokugqoka.
Impahla ye-PVC: I-Polyvinyl Chloride (i-Polyvinyl Chloride), ngokufaka amanani ahlukene e-plasticizers ukulawula ukuthamba kwayo, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa "lokushintsha kwengilazi" yayo, ukuze ibe nokuguquguquka okuhle kanye ne-plasticity, kulula ukucubungula ukubunjwa.
I-Silicone material: i-adsorbent material esebenza kakhulu, into e-amorphous, irabha ebeka ukushisa. I-Silicone inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa nokubanda kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamazinga okushisa okusebenza, ukusuka ku--60°C kuya ku-+180°C nangaphezulu.
I-polyethylene exhumene ne-XLPE: ngokuxhumanisa amakhemikhali kuma-thermosetting elastomers, izakhiwo zokufaka ezithuthukisiwe, ububanzi bokumelana nezinga lokushisa lekhebula liyanwetshwa, ukusebenza kwenziwe ngcono. Ikhebula le-XLPE lapho ukusha sekwenzekile, ukukhiqizwa kwe-carbon dioxide namanzi, kuhambisana nemvelo.
Ukukhethwa nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto kuvumela izintambo zezimoto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu ukuthi zisebenze ngokuzinzile isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu ezinjengamakamelo enjini kanye nezinhlelo eziseduze zokukhipha umoya, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinhlelo zikagesi zezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nazo zinezinzuzo zokumelana nowoyela, ukumelana namanzi, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, ukumelana negesi egqwalayo, ukumelana nokuguga, njll. Zifanele i-metallurgy, amandla kagesi, amakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, i-rolling stock, amandla, insimbi. kanye nensimbi, imishini kagesi neminye imikhakha. Uma ukhetha izintambo eziphikisana nokushisa okuphezulu, udinga ukukhetha imodeli efanele ngokusho kwesimo sangempela sohlelo lokusebenza, indawo yokushisa, izinga le-voltage nezinye izici zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula linokusebenza okuhle nokuphepha ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu.
5. Amakhebuli Ahlakaniphile anezinzwa ezididiyelwe
Izintambo zezimoto ezihlakaniphile ezinezinzwa ezihlanganisiwe ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezimoto ezihlakaniphile zesimanje, futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemoto kagesi nekagesi. Izintambo zemoto ezihlakaniphile azibophezelekile kuphela ekudluliselweni kwamandla, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ziphethe idatha kanye namasignali okulawula, amayunithi axhumanisa ama-microcontroller (ama-MCU), izinzwa, ama-actuator, namanye amayunithi okulawula kagesi (ECUs) emotweni, akha imoto yemoto. "Inethiwekhi ye-neural".
Umsebenzi nokubaluleka kwezintambo zemoto ehlakaniphile
Ukudluliswa Kwedatha: Amakhebuli emoto ahlakaniphile anomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa idatha esuka kuzinzwa iye ku-MCU kanye nemiyalo esuka ku-MCU iye kuma-actuator. Le datha ihlanganisa, kodwa ayikhawulelwe, isivinini, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, indawo, njll., futhi ibalulekile ekuzuzeni ukulawula okunembayo kwemoto.
Ukusabalalisa Amandla: Ikhebula aligcini nje ngokudlulisela idatha, kodwa futhi linomthwalo wemfanelo wokusabalalisa amandla emishinini ehlukahlukene kagesi emotweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zisebenza kahle.
Ukuphepha nokuvikeleka: Ikhebuli iklanywe kucatshangelwa ukuphepha engqondweni, njengokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingashi kanye nokusetha ukuvikela okudlulele, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isekethe inganqanyulwa ngesikhathi lapho kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, ukugwema izingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha.
Izidingo Zomklamo
Ukwakhiwa kwezintambo zemoto ehlakaniphile kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
Ukuthembeka: Amakhebuli adinga ukusebenza ngokuthembekile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezinokhahlo emotweni, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukudlidliza kanye nomswakama.
Ukuqina: Amakhebuli kufanele aqine ngokwanele ukuze amelane nesikhathi eside sokusebenzisa ngaphandle kokwehluleka.
Ukuphepha: Amakhebuli kufanele avaleleke kahle ukuze kwehliswe ingozi yamasekhethi amafushane futhi abe nezindlela zokuvikela ezidingekayo.
I-Lightweight: Ngokuthambekela ezimotweni ezingasindi, amakhebuli nawo adinga ukuthi abelula futhi abe mncane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kwehliswe isisindo semoto sisonke.
Ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic: Amakhebuli kufanele abe nokusebenza okuhle kokuvikela ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwesignali.
Isicelo Scenario
Izintambo zemoto ezihlakaniphile zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezehlukene zezimoto, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje:
Isistimu yokulawula injini: i-ECU yenjini exhumayo enezinzwa nama-actuator ukuze ibone ukulawula okunembayo kwenjini.
Uhlelo lokulawula umzimba: imojula yokulawula umzimba exhumayo (BCM) enamafasitela, izingidi zeminyango, izibani nezinye izinhlelo.
I-Driver Assistance System: ixhuma isilawuli se-ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) nezinzwa ezifana nekhamera ne-radar.
Isistimu ye-Infotainment: ixhuma isikhungo semultimedia nezipikha ezilalelwayo, isistimu yokuzulazula, njll.
Amathrendi Akusasa
Njengoba i-automotive electronic and electronic architectures ithuthuka, kanjalo namakhebuli emoto ahlakaniphile. Okuthrendayo kwesikhathi esizayo kuhlanganisa:
Izakhiwo ezimaphakathi: Njengoba izakhiwo ze-elekthronikhi zisuka ekusatshalalisweni ziye endaweni eyodwa, ubunkimbinkimbi bekhebula nobude kungenzeka kwehle, kusize ukwehlisa isisindo semoto futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza kolwazi.
Ukuphatha okuhlakaniphile: Amakhebuli azohlanganisa izingxenye ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, njengezinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi nezixhumi ezihlakaniphile, ezivumela ukuzihlola nokubika isimo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha: Ukunciphisa isisindo futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza, izintambo zingenziwa ngezinto ezintsha ezingasindi.
Izintambo zezimoto ezihlakaniphile ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezixhuma amasistimu kagesi wezimoto, futhi ukwakheka nokusebenza kwazo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwezimoto. Njengoba ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nogesi wezimoto kushesha, izintambo zezimoto ezihlakaniphile zizoqhubeka nokuvela ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo sokusebenza okuphezulu.
6. Amakhebuli Angaboli futhi Alungele Imvelo
Ngokumelene nesizinda sokuphishekela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme, amakhebuli ezimoto angaboli futhi angangcolisi imvelo aphenduka isihloko esishisayo embonini yokukhiqiza izimoto. Lezi zintambo azigcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zemboni yezimoto mayelana nokusebenza, kodwa futhi zibonisa izinzuzo ezibalulekile mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Amakhebula Angafakwanga Angaboli
Izintambo ezibolile ezingabolisiwe zenziwa ngezinto zokuvikela imvelo ezingaboli, okuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo, zibole kancane kancane ngokusebenzisa i-metabolism yama-microorganisms futhi ekugcineni ziguqulwe zibe ama-molecule amancane angavumelani nemvelo, njenge-carbon dioxide namanzi. Le nqubo ngokuvamile idinga isikhathi esithile kanye nezimo ezifanele zemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezibolayo kuhambisana nemigomo yentuthuko eluhlaza nesimeme. Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezintambo kuyilapho inciphisa umthelela emvelweni futhi ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamakhebula aluhlaza.
Amakhebula ane-varnish engangcolisi
Ivarnish engangcolisi yamakhebuli isebenzisa ivarnish engeyona ingozi ukuze ithathele indawo izinto zokuvikela eziqukethe izithako eziyingozi ezintanjeni zendabuko. Lokhu okusha akugcini nje ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwezintambo.
Izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio kumakhebula ezimoto
Izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio, ikakhulukazi imicu ye-polylactic acid (PLA), izinhlanganisela nenayiloni, zinamandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa embonini yezimoto ngenxa yokubola kwazo, ukukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa okuhambisana nemvelo, imithombo ebanzi yezinto ezingavuthiwe, iphunga eliphansi, nokuguquguquka okuphansi. okuqukethwe kwe-organic compounds (VOC). Ngokukhula okukhulu kwamandla okukhiqiza, i-PLA polylactic acid (PLA), njenge-polymer esekelwe ku-bio etholakala ezinsizeni zemvelo, nayo ibone ukuthuthuka kwayo okumangalisayo. I-PLA ihlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali kusuka kummbila wemvelo. Lokhu okubalulekile kungabola kube yi-CO2 ne-H2O amagciwane ngemva kokulahlwa, ngaphandle kokubangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi kuqashelwa njenge-eco-material entsha eluhlaza futhi eqhubekayo ekhulwini lama-21.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-TPU kuzintambo zezimoto
Izinto ze-Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) azinikezi kuphela ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukubola (iminyaka emi-3-5) futhi zigaywe kabusha.Izakhiwo ze-TPU ezisimeme nezinobungani nemvelo zinikeza inketho entsha yezintambo zezimoto, okusiza ukunciphisa umthelela imvelo.
Izinselelo kanye ne-Outlook
Nakuba izintambo zezimoto ezingaboli futhi zivumelane nemvelo zibonise izinzuzo eziningi, isicelo sazo sibhekana nezinselele kanye nemikhawulo ethile. Isibonelo, isivinini nokusebenza kokucekelwa phansi kuthinteka izimo zemvelo, ezidinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela nokukhethwa kwezimo zohlelo lokusebenza. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukusebenza nokuzinza kwezinto zokufakelwa ezonakaliswayo kudingeka kuthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo futhi kuhlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwazo. Ngokuzayo, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka futhi nokuqwashisa ngemvelo kwanda, izintambo zezimoto ezingaboli futhi ezivumelana nemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi zibambe iqhaza elikhulu embonini yezimoto, ziqhube yonke imboni endaweni evumelana nemvelo futhi esimeme.
Danyang Winpowerinesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-15 ekukhiqizeni izintambo nezintambo, i
imikhiqizo eyinhloko: izintambo zelanga, izintambo zokugcina ibhethri,izintambo zezimoto, intambo yamandla ye-UL,
izintambo zokunweba ze-photovoltaic, amahhanisi ezintambo zesistimu yokugcina amandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-30-2024