1.Iyini ikhebula leSolar?
Izintambo zelanga zisetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwamandla. Asetshenziswa ohlangothini lwe-DC lweziteshi zikagesi welanga. Zinezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba. Lokhu kufaka ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Futhi, emisebeni ye-UV, amanzi, isifutho sikasawoti, ama-asidi abuthakathaka, nama-alkali abuthakathaka. Ziyakwazi futhi ukumelana nokuguga namalangabi.
Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic nazo ziyizintambo ezikhethekile zeSolar. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezilukhuni. Amamodeli ajwayelekile afaka i-PV1-F ne-H1Z2Z2-K.Danyang Winpoweringumkhiqizi wekhebula lelanga
Izintambo zelanga zivame ukuba semkhathini welanga. Izinhlelo zamandla elanga zivame ukuba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Babhekana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nemisebe ye-UV. EYurophu, izinsuku ezinelanga zizokwenza ukuthi izinga lokushisa elisendaweni yezinhlelo zamandla elanga lifinyelele ku-100°C.
Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic ziyikhebula eliyinhlanganisela elifakwe kumamojula weseli yelanga. Inesembozo sokuvikela kanye namafomu amabili. Amafomu ane-single-core kanye ne-double-core. Izintambo zenziwe ngensimbi.
Ingakwazi ukuthutha amandla kagesi kuma-solar cell circuits. Lokhu kuvumela amaseli ukuthi enze amasistimu amandla.
2. Izinto zomkhiqizo:
1) I-Conductor: ucingo lwethusi olufakwe ethini
2) Izinto zangaphandle: I-XLPE (eyaziwa nangokuthi: i-polyethylene exhunywe ngokuphambana) iyinto evikelayo.
3. Isakhiwo:
1) Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ithusi elimsulwa noma i-conductor yethusi ethayiwe
2) I-insulation yangaphakathi kanye ne-outsulation sheath yizinhlobo ezi-2
4. Izici:
1) Usayizi omncane nesisindo esincane, ukonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
2) Izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala wamanje;
3) Usayizi omncane, isisindo esincane kanye nezindleko eziphansi kunezinye izintambo ezifanayo;
4) Ine: ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, nokumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali. Iphinde ibe nokumelana nokugqokwa futhi ayigugulwa wumswakama. Ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezonakalisayo. Inokusebenza okuhle kokulwa nokuguga, nempilo ende yesevisi.
5) Kushibhile. Ingasetshenziselwa indle, amanzi emvula, kanye nemisebe ye-UV. Ingasetshenziswa nakweminye imithombo eqinile edlayo, njengama-asidi nama-alkali.
Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic zinesakhiwo esilula. Basebenzisa i-irradiated polyolefin insulation. Le nto inokushisa okuhle kakhulu, amakhaza, uwoyela, nokumelana ne-UV. Ingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inamandla athile aqinile. Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla elanga enkathini entsha.
5. Izinzuzo
Ikhondakta imelana nokugqwala. Yenziwe ngocingo lwethusi oluthambile olufakwe kuthayela, olumelana nokugqwala kahle.
I-insulation yenziwe ngezinto ezingabandi, ezingenantuthu ephansi, ezingena-halogen. Iyakwazi ukumelana no -40 ℃ futhi inokumelana nokubandayo okuhle.
3) Imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Umgodla wenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, ezingenantuthu ephansi, ezingenayo i-halogen. Iyakwazi ukuphatha amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-120℃ futhi inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ngemva kokukhanyisa, ukufakwa kwekhebula kuzuza ezinye izici. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukumelana ne-UV, ukumelana nowoyela, nokuphila isikhathi eside.
6. Izici:
Izici zekhebula zivela ekufakweni kwayo okukhethekile kanye nezinto ze-sheath. Siwabiza nge-cross-linked PE. Ngemuva kokukhanya nge-accelerator, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ekhebula kuzoshintsha. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo ngazo zonke izindlela.
Ikhebula limelana nemithwalo yemishini. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokugcinwa, kungahanjiswa onqenqemeni olubukhali lwesakhiwo senkanyezi ephezulu. Ikhebuli kumele imelane nengcindezi, ukugoba, ukushuba, imithwalo ehambisanayo, kanye nomthelela onamandla.
Uma i-cable sheath ingaqinile ngokwanele, izolimaza ukufakwa kwekhebula. Lokhu kuzofinyeza impilo yekhebuli noma kubangele izinkinga ezifana namasekhethi amafushane, umlilo, nokulimala.
7. Izici:
Ukuphepha kuyinzuzo enkulu. Izintambo zinokuhambisana okuhle kwe-electromagnetic namandla kagesi aphezulu. Bangakwazi ukusingatha i-voltage ephezulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu, futhi bamelane nokuguga kwesimo sezulu. Ukwahlukanisa kwabo kuzinzile futhi kuthembekile. Iqinisekisa ukuthi amaleveli e-AC ayalingana phakathi kwamadivayisi futhi ahlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha.
I-2) Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic zibiza kakhulu ekudluliseni amandla. Zonga amandla amaningi kunezintambo ze-PVC. Bangakwazi ukubona umonakalo wesistimu ngokushesha nangokunembile. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwesistimu nokuzinza futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.
3) Ukufakwa kalula: Izintambo ze-PV zinendawo ebushelelezi. Kulula ukuwahlukanisa futhi uwaxhume aphume. Ziyakwazi nezimo futhi kulula ukuzifaka. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi izifaki zisebenze ngokushesha. Zingabuye zihlelwe futhi zisethwe. Lokhu kuthuthukise kakhulu isikhala phakathi kwamadivayisi nesikhala esilondoloziwe.
I-4) Izinto zokusetshenziswa zezintambo ze-photovoltaic zilandela imithetho yokuvikela imvelo. Bahlangabezana nezinkomba ezibonakalayo kanye namafomula azo. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa nokufakwa, noma yimaphi ama-toxins akhululiwe namagesi aphumayo ahlangabezana nemithetho yemvelo.
8. Ukusebenza (ukusebenza kukagesi)
1) Ukumelana ne-DC: Ukumelana kwe-DC komgogodla wokuqhuba wekhebula eqediwe ku-20°C akukhulu kuno-5.09Ω/km.
2) Ukuhlolwa kungokwamandla kagesi wokucwiliswa kwamanzi. Ikhebula eliqediwe (20m) lifakwa emanzini (20±5)℃ ihora elingu-1. Bese, ihlolwe nge-5min voltage test (AC 6.5kV noma DC 15kV) ngaphandle kokuhlukana.
Isampula imelana ne-DC voltage isikhathi eside. Ingu-5m ubude futhi emanzini acwengekile ane-3% NaCl ku-(85±2)℃ for (240±2)h. Zombili iziphetho zivalwa emanzini isikhathi esingu-30cm.
I-voltage engu-0.9kV DC isetshenziswa phakathi komnyombo namanzi. Umnyombo uqhuba ugesi. Ixhunywe kuphozithivu. Amanzi axhunywe esigxotsheni esingesihle.
Ngemva kokuthatha isampula, benza ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage yokucwiliswa kwamanzi. I-voltage yokuhlola ingu-AC
4) Ukumelana nokufakwa kwekhebula eliqediwe ku-20℃ akukho ngaphansi kuka-1014Ω·cm. Ku-90℃, ayikho ngaphansi kuka-1011Ω·cm.
I-5) I-sheath inokumelana nendawo. Kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-109Ω.
9. Izicelo
Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic zivame ukusetshenziswa emapulazini omoya. Banikeza amandla kanye nokuxhumana kwamadivayisi we-photovoltaic namandla omoya.
2) Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla elanga zisebenzisa izintambo ze-photovoltaic. Baxhuma amamojula weseli yelanga, baqoqe amandla elanga, futhi badlulise amandla ngokuphepha. Ziphinde zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokunikezwa kwamandla.
I-3) Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesiteshi samandla: Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic nazo zingaxhuma amadivaysi amandla lapho. Baqoqa amandla akhiqiziwe futhi bagcine ikhwalithi yamandla izinzile. Baphinde banciphise izindleko zokuphehla ugesi futhi bakhuphule ukusebenza kahle kokuphakelwa kukagesi.
I-4) Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic zinezinye ukusetshenziswa. Baxhuma ama-solar trackers, ama-inverter, amaphaneli, nezibani. Ubuchwepheshe benza izintambo zibe lula. Kubalulekile ekwakhiweni okuqondile. Lokhu kungonga isikhathi futhi kuthuthukise umsebenzi.
10. Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa
Isetshenziselwa iziteshi zamandla elanga noma izinsiza zelanga. Okokufaka izintambo kwemishini nokuxhuma. Inamakhono aqinile kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zeziteshi zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele.
Njengekhebula lamadivayisi elanga, lingasetshenziswa ngaphandle esimweni sezulu esihlukile. Ingasebenza nasezikhaleni zasendlini ezomile nezinomswakama.
Lo mkhiqizo owezintambo ezithambile ezinomgogodla owodwa. Zisetshenziswa ohlangothini lwe-CD lwezinhlelo zelanga. Amasistimu ane-voltage enkulu ye-DC engu-1.8kV (umsuka kuya kumongo, ongagxiliwe). Lokhu kunjengoba kuchazwe ku-2PfG 1169/08.2007.
Lo mkhiqizo ngowokusetshenziswa ezingeni lokuphepha Lesigaba II. Ikhebuli ingasebenza kufika ku-90℃. Futhi, ungasebenzisa izintambo eziningi ngokuhambisana.
11. Izici eziyinhloko
1) Ingasetshenziswa ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga
2) Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo le-ambient -40℃~+90℃
3) Impilo yesevisi kufanele ibe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20
4) Ngaphandle kwe-62930 IEC 133/134, ezinye izinhlobo zezintambo zenziwe nge-polyolefin evimbela ilangabi. Azinantuthu ephansi futhi azinayo i-halogen.
12. Izinhlobo:
Ohlelweni lweziteshi zamandla elanga, izintambo zihlukaniswa ngezintambo ze-DC kanye ne-AC. Ngokuya ngezindawo ezisetshenziswayo ezahlukahlukene nezisetshenziswayo, zihlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Izintambo ze-DC zisetshenziselwa kakhulu:
1) Ukuxhumana kochungechunge phakathi kwezingxenye;
Ukuxhumana kuyahambisana. Iphakathi kwezintambo naphakathi kwezintambo namabhokisi okusabalalisa e-DC (amabhokisi okuhlanganisa).
3) Phakathi kwamabhokisi okusabalalisa e-DC nama-inverters.
Amakhebuli e-AC asetshenziselwa kakhulu:
1) Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-inverters kanye nama-transformer akhuphukayo;
2) Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-transformer akhuphukayo kanye namadivayisi wokusabalalisa;
3) Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi okusabalalisa kanye namagridi kagesi noma abasebenzisi.
13. Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
1) Izinzuzo:
a. Izinga elithembekile nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuhle;
b. Uhla olubanzi lwesicelo nokuphepha okuphezulu;
c. Kulula ukufaka futhi ukonga;
d. Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okudluliswa okuphansi kanye nokunciphisa isignali encane.
2) Okubi:
a. Izidingo ezithile zokuguquguquka kwemvelo;
b. Izindleko eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elimaphakathi;
c. Impilo yesevisi emfushane nokuqina okuvamile.
Ngamafuphi, ikhebula le-photovoltaic liwusizo kakhulu. Okokudlulisa, ukuxhuma, nokulawula izinhlelo zamandla. Ithembekile, incane, futhi ishibhile. Ukudluliswa kwamandla ayo kuzinzile. Kulula ukuyifaka nokuyinakekela. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuphumelela kakhulu futhi kuphephile kunocingo lwe-PVC ngenxa yendawo yayo kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla.
14. Izinyathelo zokuqapha
Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic akufanele zibekwe phezulu. Zingaba, uma ungqimba lwensimbi lwengezwa.
Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic akufanele zibe emanzini isikhathi eside. Kufanele futhi zigcinwe zingekho ezindaweni ezinomswakama ngenxa yezizathu zomsebenzi.
I-3) Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic akufanele zingcwatshwe ngqo emhlabathini.
I-4) Sebenzisa izixhumi ezikhethekile ze-photovoltaic zezintambo ze-photovoltaic. Ochwepheshe bezogesi kufanele bawafake.
15. Izidingo:
Izintambo zokudlulisa i-DC ezinama-voltage aphansi kumasistimu elanga zinezidingo ezihlukene. Ziyahlukahluka ngokusetshenziswa kwengxenye kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ukufakwa kwekhebula, ukumelana nokushisa, nokumelana nomlilo. Futhi, ukuguga okuphezulu kanye nobubanzi bocingo.
Izintambo ze-DC ngokuvamile zibekwe ngaphandle. Kudingeka zibe ubufakazi ngokumelene nomswakama, ilanga, amakhaza, kanye ne-UV. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-DC ezinhlelweni ezisatshalaliswa ze-photovoltaic zisebenzisa izintambo ezikhethekile. Banezitifiketi ze-photovoltaic.
Lolu hlobo lwekhebula lokuxhuma lusebenzisa ungqimba oluphindwe kabili lwe-insulation sheath. Inokumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-UV, amanzi, i-ozone, i-asidi, nosawoti. Iphinde ibe nekhono elihle lesimo sezulu sonke kanye nokumelana nokugqoka.
Cabangela izixhumi ze-DC kanye nokuphumayo kwamanje kwamaphaneli e-PV. Izintambo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-PV DC yi-PV1-F1*4mm2, PV1-F1*6mm2, njll.
16. Ukukhetha:
Izintambo zisetshenziswa engxenyeni ye-DC ene-voltage ephansi yesistimu sonozungezilanga. Banezidingo ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yomehluko ezindaweni ezisetshenziswayo. Futhi, izidingo zobuchwepheshe zokuxhuma izingxenye ezahlukene. Kudingeka ucabangele izici ezimbalwa. Lezi yizi: ukufakwa kwekhebula, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nelangabi, ukuguga, nobubanzi bentambo.
Izidingo eziqondile zimi kanje:
Ikhebula phakathi kwamamojula weseli yelanga ngokuvamile ixhunywa ngokuqondile. Basebenzisa ikhebula elinamathiselwe ebhokisini lokuhlangana lemojuli. Uma ubude bunganele, ikhebula lesandiso elikhethekile lingasetshenziswa.
Ikhebuli inezincazelo ezintathu. Owamamojula amasayizi ahlukene wamandla. Banendawo ephambanayo engu-2.5m㎡, 4.0m㎡, kanye no-6.0m㎡.
Lolu hlobo lwekhebula lusebenzisa umgodla wokufakwa kwezingqimba ezimbili. Imelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, amanzi, i-ozone, i-asidi, nosawoti. Isebenza kahle kuso sonke isimo sezulu futhi ayigugi.
Ikhebula lixhuma ibhethri ku-inverter. Idinga izintambo ezithambile ezinemicu eminingi eziphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-UL. Izintambo kufanele zixhunywe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukukhetha izintambo ezimfishane neziwugqinsi kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesistimu. Kungase futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokwethembeka.
Ikhebula lixhuma uhlelo lwebhethri kusilawuli noma ibhokisi le-junction le-DC. Kufanele isebenzise intambo ethambile ehlolwe i-UL, enemicu eminingi. Indawo ye-cross-sectional yocingo ilandela inani eliphezulu lokukhiphayo lamanje.
Indawo yekhebula le-DC isethwe ngokusekelwe kule migomo. Lezi zintambo zixhuma amamojula amaseli elanga, amabhethri, nemithwalo ye-AC. Isilinganiso sabo samanje siphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.25 ubukhulu bamanje bokusebenza. Izintambo zihamba phakathi kwama-solar array, amaqembu ebhethri, nama-inverter. Isilinganiso samanje sekhebula siphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.5 ubuningi bamanje bokusebenza.
17. Ukukhethwa kwezintambo ze-photovoltaic:
Ezimweni eziningi, izintambo ze-DC eziteshini zamandla e-photovoltaic zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle isikhathi eside. Izimo zokwakha zikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezixhumi. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumekeni kwekhebula. Izinto ze-cable conductor zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-copper core kanye ne-aluminium core.
Izintambo eziwumgogodla wethusi zinama-antioxidants amaningi kune-aluminium. Futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, zizinzile, futhi zine-voltage encane yokwehla nokuncipha kwamandla. Ekwakhiweni, ama-copper cores aguquguqukayo. Bavumela ukugoba okuncane, ngakho-ke kulula ukuphenduka kanye nentambo. I-Copper cores imelana nokukhathala. Awephuki kalula ngemva kokugoba. Ngakho, i-wiring ilungile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-copper cores aqinile futhi angakwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukwakha kube lula futhi kuvumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe imishini.
Izintambo eziwumgogodla we-aluminium zihlukile. Bathambekele ekubeni ne-oxidation ngesikhathi sokufakwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zamakhemikhali e-aluminium. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ye-creep, impahla ye-aluminium engabangela ukwehluleka kalula.
Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-aluminium core zishibhile. Kodwa, ngokuphepha nokusebenza okuzinzile, sebenzisa izintambo eziyinhloko zethusi kumaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-22-2024